Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the postrotatory-induced nystagmus in rabbits and disorders of vestibular function induced by repeated administration of streptomycin in guinea pigs were studied. ATP-2Na exerted little influence on the postrotatory nystagmus in doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.v., while slight suppressive effects were noted with a dose of 30 mg/kg. On the other hand, diphenidol hydrochloride remarkably suppressed the postrotatory nystagmus in a dose of 3 mg/kg i.v.. The disturbance in vestibular function following administration of streptomycin sulfate (400 mg/kg i.m., once daily x 9) was significantly alleviated when concomitant treatment with ATP-2Na (3 mg/kg i.p., 10 mg/kg i.p. and 100 mg/kg p.o., once daily x 14) or diphenidol hydrochloride (50 mg/kg p.o., once daily x 14) was given. ATP as well as diphenidol alleviated disorders in the vestibular function, while ATP had little influence on vestibular function in intact animals.
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PMID:[Effects of adenosine triphosphate on the postrotatory nystagmus and disorders of vestibular function (author's transl)]. 54 Aug 80

Eight monkeys were treated with 65 X 150 mg/kg Streptomycine-Sulfate per day given intramuscularly. Their vestibular reactions were investigated several times during and after (up to 7 1/2 months) the medication. Using nystagmography, a decrease of excitability could be realized as long as the drug was given. After the stop of the injections the excitability returned, mostly even up to the normal level. The most reliable vestibular reactions were the vestibular threshold, respectively duration and frequency of the postrotatory nystagmus. Additional medicaiton of Ozothin had some influence on the toxicity of Streptomycine towards the auditory system, but no effect at all regarding the vestibular reactions.
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PMID:[Inner-ear of monkeys under the influence of streptomycin-sulfate (author's transl)]. 81 87

Thirty guinea pigs were divided into three groups. The first group received intramuscular injection of streptomycin sulfate 400 mg/kg/day for one week; the second group received the same dosage for two weeks; the third group served as the control. The cochlea was dissected after treatment and the utricle observed under electron microscope. The nystagmus lasted 11.3 sec. clockwise and 12.75 sec. counter-clockwise before treatment, 10.75 sec. and 9.25 sec. after one week and 6.0 sec. and 5.5 sec. after two weeks. Histopathologic study showed the normal dark cells in the control group. In the one week group, the dark cell remained in cuboidal shape. On the luminal surface of the cell were a few microvilli and invaginations which were in the process of forming pinocytotic vesicles. In the apical cytoplasm, the coated pinocytotic vesicles, vacuoles and rough endoplasmic reticula markedly decreased. The crest of mitochondria was blur, coalescent and vacuous. The plasmalemma in the lower part of the cell reduced. In the two-weeks group, the cells became squamous with less cytoplasm and organelle. There was no pinocytotic vesicles and vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm. The luminal membrane of the cells were bulging out into the cavity. In case the membrane ruptured, the cytoplasmic organelle run into the endolymphatic space and the cell dissolved and damaged. The morphological changes indicated that streptomycin damaged the cytoplasmic granules and the plasma membrane of dark cells. These cytologic characteristics of dark cells which engaged in the fluid transport were similar to those of the secretory cells in other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Streptomycin toxicity on dark cells of utricles in guinea pigs]. 193 Nov 74

This first child of non-Jewish parents had nystagmus at 4 months of age, bilateral cherry-red macular spots at 7 months of age, and hyperacusis at 8 months of age; the patient has deteriorated progressively following a clinical course typical of Tay-Sachs disease B variant. Total beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase assayed with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucosamine (4 MU GlcNAc) as substrate was within the normal range in plasma and cultured dermal fibroblasts and 2/3 the normal mean in leukocytes. The hexosaminidase A activity, assayed with the same substrate in plasma and cultured fibroblasts, approximated Tay-Sachs disease heterozygote levels; however, the activity of hexosaminidase A assayed with 4 MU Glc NAc-6-sulfate in the plasma, leukocytes, and cultured fibroblasts was less than 8, 2, and 1%, respectively of the control mean. This female infant with the B1 variant of Tay-Sachs disease demonstrated an earlier onset and more rapidly progressive course than was observed in 4 of the 5 previously reported patients with this Tay-Sachs disease variant.
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PMID:Tay-Sachs disease: B1 variant. 297 95

The effect of amphetamine sulfate injection on head and eye movements evoked by optokinetic stimulus was studied in squirrel monkeys. No change was found in the gain of optokinetic-oculomotor and optokinetic-caputomotor functions, even after the maximum dose (0.5 mg/kg) of amphetamine. Also, no change in eye-head coordination was found. However, amphetamine facilitated the frequency of head nystagmus, whereas that of eye nystagmus did not change. When the poststimulus responses were studied in the dark, both nystagmoid head movement and optokinetic after eye nystagmus showed first phase and second phase. A different effect was found in the duration of these two phases suggesting the existence of distinct generators. Moreover, the synchronized onsets of head and eye nystagmus in both phases, and synchronized occurrence of quick phases indicated the existence of shared neural circuitry between head and eye movements.
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PMID:Effect of amphetamine on optokinetically evoked head and eye movements in the squirrel monkey. 664 66

Two patients with neurological signs of magnesium depletion complained of oscillopsia and manifested downbeat nystagmus. Serum magnesium levels measured less than 1.0 mg/dL. Hypomagnesemia resulted from debilitating intestinal disease in both patients and apparently was aggravated in one case by failure to add magnesium sulfate to the patient's regimen for total parenteral nutrition. Neither patient had any of the neurological conditions reported with downbeat nystagmus. Thus, downbeat nystagmus in the primary position occurs with the metabolic derangement of severe magnesium depletion. Another apparent metabolic cause of downbeat nystagmus is thiamine deficiency. Downbeat nystagmus also may occur from a partial deficiency of the metabolic cofactors, magnesium and thiamine.
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PMID:Downbeat nystagmus with magnesium depletion. 729 10

The acute and chronic toxicities of streptomycin sulfate (SS) and of the streptomycin hydrochloride-calcium chloride complex (SCC) were compared. The LD50 determined in mice was significantly higher for SCC than for SS. Chronic toxicity was evaluated by recording the nystagmus induced by damped torsion pendulum in rabbits. SS and SCC treatments (200 mg/kg intramuscularly of absolute streptomycin base) decreased the duration, the maximal frequency, and the total number of beats of nystagmus. However, SCC-induced changes were significantly lower than SS-induced ones. The extent of the lesion in the crista ampullaris was evaluated by light and electron microscopy and was correlated with the electrophysiological findings. Because the authors also demonstrated that there are no differences in the antibacterial effects of these salts, SCC may have a place in long-term streptomycin treatment.
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PMID:Reduction of streptomycin-induced acute and chronic toxicities. 818 95

Vertigo related to acidosis in Meniere's disease has been reported. This study was undertaken to ascertain whether acidosis has any effect on vertigo. Since patients with Meniere's disease usually show unilateral vestibular dysfunction, unilateral intratympanic injection of streptomycin sulfate (SM) was used to induce unilateral vestibular dysfunction in rabbits. Intratympanic SM injections induced vestibular destruction and elicited severe spontaneous nystagmus and ataxia. Then symptoms of acute vestibular upset gradually subsided and eventually disappeared completely. Three weeks after SM injections, in compensated rabbits, NH4Cl injection or CO2 inhalation was used to induce acidosis. Intravenous NH4Cl injection or CO2 inhalation induced nystagmus and ataxia again. In normal rabbits, no nystagmus was induced by NH4Cl injection or by CO2 inhalation. These results suggest that acidosis might be a cause of recurrence of vertigo in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction.
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PMID:Effect of experimental acidosis on nystagmus in rabbits. 820 92

To investigate the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the vestibular periphery, vestibular compensation in the guinea pig was studied following chemical unilateral labyrinthectomy by osmotic pump administration of streptomycin sulfate (SM) with or without D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV), one of the NMDA receptor antagonists. All animals administrated SM (SM group) or SM and D-APV (SM + D-APV group) showed spontaneous nystagmus and head tilt. The maximum degree of yaw head tilt in the SM + D-APV group was statistically smaller than that in the SM group. Moreover the time constant for head tilt in the SM + D-APV group was statistically shorter than that in the SM group. These results indicate that the NMDA receptor in the vestibular periphery influences vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy.
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PMID:The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the guinea pig inner ear after unilateral labyrinthectomy. 975 59

To investigate the utility of osmotic pumps, labyrinthectomy was performed surgically (surgical group) or chemically with 30% streptomycin sulfate (SM) using osmotic pumps (SM group) in guinea pigs. After treatment, no statistical difference was observed in the frequency of spontaneous nystagmus and the degree of yaw head tilt between the groups. These data indicate the reliability and efficacy of osmotic pumps, and it might be possible to make guinea pig models using osmotic pumps to predict various grades of damage in the vestibular periphery of humans.
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PMID:Effectiveness and utility of chemical labyrinthectomy with streptomycin using osmotic pump. 1072 93


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