Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GOBA) on psychomotor skills related to driving were studied in healthy student volunteers. The effects of oral GOBA 1.0 and 2.0 g, alone or in combination with 0.5 g/kg of ethyl alcohol, were compared in double-blind cross-over trials against oral diazepam 10 mg (D), alcohol 0.5 g/kg, and lactose placebo. Reactive and co-ordinative skills, attention, flicker fusion, proprioception, nystagmus, Maddox wing, and subjective estimations were included. The first single-dose trial with 12 volunteers revealed that neither GOBA 1.0 g nor D modified attention. D impaired reactive skills whilst co-ordinative skills remained largely uninfluenced by D or GOBA. Both D and GOBA impaired leg proprioception. Only D was experienced as a sedative drug. In the second trial with 12 volunteers, GOBA 1.0 g slightly increased reaction mistakes whereas GOBA 2.0 g next day did not. Either dose of GOBA was ineffective on co-ordinative skills, critical flicker fusion frequency, and proprioception. Alcohol alone (0.41 +/- 0.047 mg/ml) improved rather than impaired skills. GOBA 1.0 g + alcohol (0.36 +/- 0.027 mg/ml) impaired reactive skills more than GOBA 2.0 g did but no potentiation was seen. D impaired reactive and co-ordinative skills and flicker fusion. When D was given on two consecutive days, some tachyphylaxis to the D response was seen on co-ordinative skills but not on reactive skills or flicker fusion. It is concluded that in the recommended anxiolytic doses used GOBA neither deteriorates driving skills nor importantly increases the effects of low doses of alcohol.
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PMID:Actions and interactions with alcohol of drugs on psychomotor skills: comparison of diazepam and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. 70 50

Two studies examined the influence of three established antimotion sickness drugs on tracking performance in static (stationary) and dynamic (angular acceleration) conditions and on visual fixation ability during motion. In Study I, 40 young men were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a control (lactose placebo), dimenhydrinate (50 mg), promethazine hydrochloride (25 mg), or mixture (25 mg promethazine plus 10 mg d-amphetamine) group. Study II used 30 new subjects equally divided into control, dimenhydrinate (100 mg), and promethazine (50 mg) groups. Following practice, tests were conducted prior to, and 1, 2, and 4 h after drug ingestion. The depressant drugs had little effect on static tracking, but impaired dynamic tracking performance and reduced ability to maintain visual fixation on a localizer/glide slope instrument due to increased ocular nystagmus. The mixture of promethazine plus d-amphetamine produced none of these deleterious effects.
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PMID:Effects of some motion sickness suppressants on static and dynamic tracking performance. 399 16

Following a double-blind, four-way crossover design, 32 healthy volunteers (20 males and 12 females) each consumed lactose placebo, or 80, 120 or 160 mg quinine HCl daily for 21 days. Before dosing and at regular intervals during dosing, blood and urine samples were collected and analysed for quinine HCl. Electrocardiography, heart rate, blood pressure, audiometry, peripheral field, funduscopy, colour vision, visual acuity, electronystagmography (ENG) and test for optokinetic nystagmus were all evaluated before dosing and at selected times during dosing. The results showed that daily consumption of up to 80 mg quinine HCl did not significantly alter physiological, ophthalmic or audiometric responses. ENG determination showed that 12.5% of volunteers given lactose placebo or 80 mg quinine HCl exhibited at least one transitory period of ocular motor oscillations. This phenomenon was observed in 18.8% (P < 0.05) of volunteers with a daily intake of 120 mg quinine HCl or more. However, there was not a significant dose-related correlation between nystagmus and daily intake of quinine HCl. Five volunteers consuming lactose placebo displayed an aberrant ocular flutter that decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the daily intake of quinine HCl increased. One volunteer showed a change in perception of red/green colour vision after taking 160 mg quinine HCl for 21 days. This study demonstrated that the no-untoward-effect level of quinine HCl is at least 80 mg/day.
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PMID:Toxicity threshold of quinine hydrochloride following low-level repeated dosing in healthy volunteers. 847 13