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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most marked findings in a group of 66 children were a spontaneous nystagmus presenting in 29% of the cases, and an abnormal caloric reaction in 40%. For qualitative and quantitative assessments of the positional test and caloric stimulation, at our University ENT department at Erlangen we use the positiogram and frequency calorigram described here, which are particularly suitable for follow-up observations and for the purpose of providing an expert medical opinion.
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PMID:Neurotological diagnosis of vestibular disorders in children. 31 58

On the basis of our own experiences and the current literature, the following guidelines were established for the evaluation of scubadivers: 1. The ENT physical examination must include otoscopy and the valsalva manoeuver. The scubadiver should be able to promptly and symmetrically inflate his middle ear spaces. A central perforation is a relative contraindication, while a marginal ear drum perforation is an absolute contraindication for scubadiving. 2. Recommendations to the diver: Ear pressure equalibration should be performed continuously with increasing and decreasing water depth. Ear plugs should never be used. 3. Management of diving injuries: Barotitis should be treated in a manner similar to acute otitis media. Transient vertigo while ascending (alternobaric vertigo) without nystagmus or hearing impairment needs no further vestibular examination. A middle ear exploration is indicated when there is suspicion of a perilymphatic fistula.
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PMID:[Middle and inner ear barotrauma caused by scubadiving (author's transl)]. 52 29

By means of special probes, air temperatures were determined in external auditory meatus and in "radical" mastoid cavities. Under normal conditions, there was no difference between the two groups, the temperature next to the drum head being in the same range as the body temperature. Exposure to simulated wind only lowered the temperature significantly in cases with very wide external meatus; e.g., after surgery. Suction--as is used in the daily practice of cleaning ears in the ENT surgery--caused a very abrupt decrease in temperature. In cases with open mastoid cavities, there was vertigo with nystagmus, due to the caloric vestibular stimulus. -Operative techniques such as the obliteration of such cavities or the reconstruction of the posterior wall of the meatus can considerably reduce this phenomenon.
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PMID:[Air temperature in the outer ear canal--experimental studies in relation to radical cavity surgery]. 234 39

Two patients with sudden progressive profound hearing loss resulting from Ramsay Hunt syndrome are reported. Case 1: A 63-year-old woman was admitted to Jichi Medical School Hospital with sudden, progressing deafness of the left ear, vertigo, sore throat, and hoarseness. An otoscopic examination revealed the external ear and the tympanic membrane to be normal. Pure-tone audiometry revealed profound deafness in the left ear. A horizontal nystagmus in the non-affected direction was observed by gaze nystagmus test. An endoscopic examination revealed herpetic vesicles and shallow ulcers on the left side of the pharynx and the larynx. There was complete paralysis of the left recurrent nerve. Hearing acuity of the left ear did not recover at all with steroid hormone therapy. Case 2: A 75-year-old man was referred to the ENT Clinic by a dermatologist for hearing evaluation in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The man had noticed severe otalgia and sudden progressive deafness of the right ear approximately 2 weeks prior to admission. Physical examination revealed herpetic vesicles and ulcers in the right external ear and lateral neck. Complete paralysis of the right facial nerve was noted. Profound hearing loss in the affected ear was observed by pure-tone audiometry. A gaze nystagmus test revealed a horizontal nystagmus in the non-affected direction. No recovery of the cochlear function was noted following administration of antiviral drug. The pertinent literature is briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Acute profound deafness in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Two case reports. 285 31

The contribution of cervical spine disorders to cochleovestibular symptoms was based on the evaluation of patients complaining of dizziness and/or inner ear hearing loss, treated in the ENT Department of Tubingen University between 1977 and 1982. Cervicogenic vertigo was provoked by movements of the cervical spine, but the latter rarely caused tinnitus and never induced hearing loss. The diagnosis between a vascular or proprioceptive nystagmus may be made on the presence of lesions of the cervical spine. These are disorders of the cranio-cervical or the thoraco-cervical region especially and much less often due to osteochondrosis of the vertebrae. The findings of a cervical osteochondrosis has no diagnostic value unless vertigo is provoked by head movements. In cervical vertigo the thoraco-cervical region should be examined to prove a thoracic outlet syndrome. In selected cases operative treatment is possible, eg. transoral resection of the dental process of the axis, resection of the posterior arch of the atlas, myotomy of the anterior scalenus muscle or decompression of the vertebral artery.
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PMID:[Cervical vertebra-induced hearing and equilibrium disorders. Recent clinical aspects]. 653 Mar 73

People exposed to industrial solvents may suffer from disturbances of different psycho-physiological and vestibulo-oculomotor function. Therefore an investigation was performed testing vestibular and oculomotor reactions in workers exposed to solvents. It also seemed to be of interest to study if the auditory pathways were affected in these workers. 53 men aged 27-54 (Md = 37.7) were studied. They had been exposed to aromatic solvents in their work as colour mixers, painters, printers and petrol truck drives. Time of working was between 4-25 (Md = 15.2) years. At the time of this investigation none of the men had been exposed to solvents for at least the last four years. The clinical investigation included cerebellar tests and a general ENT investigation. Electronystagmography was performed and comprised the following functions: 1) spontaneous and caloric vestibular tests; 2) a sinusoidal swing test in darkness, the patient sitting in a rotatory chair; 3) visual suppression test; 4) a saccade test; a slow pursuit eye movement test. In addition all the patients were subjected to an audiological test battery including pure tone threshold, conventional vocal audiometry, speech discrimination used interrupted speech 10 interruptions per second, acoustic reflex thresholds and reflex decay. The clinical investigation showed in 19 patients balance problems in the balance test. The sinusoidal test was normal in all cases. The caloric test showed 8 cases of asymmetry in vestibular reactions. 10 of the patients had pathological spontaneous nystagmus. 17 of the patients had a pathologically decreased ability for visual suppression. The saccades were abnormal in 25 patients. The patients who were subjected to audiological testing all had pure tone thresholds and conventional vocal thresholds as expected with regard to age. 31 patients showed decreased discrimination scores at the interrupted speech. The acoustic reflex thresholds were normal and there was not pathological reflex decay. Results show the prevalently pathologic concern for C.N.S. Authors, last, give prominence to the significant relationship between the exposure time to solvents' vapour and changing of several parameters, connection conditioned by constitution and life habits in predisposing workers to a greater susceptibility at damages caused by organic solvents.
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PMID:[Early signs of occupational ototoxicity caused by inhalation of benzene derivative industrial solvents]. 785 51

The Tullio phenomenon is defined as an acoustically inducible vestibular disorder that was first described in 1929. In an animal experiment Tullio provoked acoustic oscillations at the labyrinth followed by signs of imbalance. In the literature this phenomenon can be found in healthy but sensitive persons as well as in patients with Meniere's disease and patients with lesions between the stapes, footplate and the membranous labyrinth caused by fractures, stapes dislocations, labyrinthitis or perilymphatic fistulas. In this case report a patient complained about vertigo after cochlear implantation provoked by acoustical stimulation at a sound pressure level above 90 dB independent of the cochlear implant (CI). During tympanoscopy we found scar tissue surrounding the ossicles after CI. After disconnecting the ossicular chain no vertigo or nystagmus could be provoked. After CI regular ENT examinations and appropriate explorations of postoperative complaints are necessary. Vertigo especially requires very careful diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:[Tullio phenomenon after cochlear implantation]. 973 46

Among a population of 200 children, suffering by dizziness that we examined in the ENT department of the G. Gaslini Institute of Genoa, we acquired and checked, through the statistical analysis, the data of an air caloric test (according to the standard stimulation method) performed in 20 children (resulted normal to neurological, ophtalmological and audiovestibuler examinations which included audiometry, tympanometry, spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus research, OKN and caloric tests) and subdivided into 10 s sequences. The statistical analysis of the results obtained showed the following: (1) in both cold and warm air caloric test, the response can be obtained already in the stimulation phase, requiring ENG recording to start at the beginning of stimulation; (2) even in children, response culmination occurs in a period ranging from 60 to 90 s from stimulation onset; therefore the Visual Suppression Test should be performed in this period to obtain more significant data; (3) in cold and warm test, considering SSCs, the response is constant and intense up to 130 and 110 s, respectively, from beginning of ENG recording. After these time ranges, the response is less intense and homogeneous, becoming poor and variable. In our opinion, this allows suspension of recording immediately after these periods without the risk of the excluding significant aspects of the response.
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PMID:The air caloric test in children: subdivision and statistical analysis of the response. 1059 62

In 1989-1998 ENT specialists of the Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education treated 109 patients with otogenic intracranial complications. 13 (11.9%) of them had cerebellar abscess. Clinical symptoms of the abscesses were obscure or absent. Head ache was the leading symptom. Other hypertensive symptoms presented with nausea, (n = 2), vomiting (n = 5), bradycardia (n = 7). Changes on the fundus of the eye were not registered in 6 patients. Defective coordination of movements, scanning speech were observed in 11 and 3 patients, respectively. Large-swinging, mixed horizontal nystagmus was truncal, in 11 patients it was directed to the side of the abscess, in 2 patients--in both directions. Symptoms of the secondary meningitis arose in 12 patients. The patients underwent surgical cleaning of the middle ear and opening cerebellar abscess under drug therapy. One patient died of purulent ventriculitis (lethality 7.6%). It is inferred that cerebellar abscesses often run with mild symptoms. This creates diagnostic difficulties.
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PMID:[Otogenic cerebellar abscesses (in the light of 10-year observation materials at the ENT clinic at the Tashkent institute of continuing education of physicians)]. 1101 80

Vertigo is not a uniform symptom. The basis for a differentiated diagnosis is the history, which should record the frequency and duration of attacks. Further diagnostic investigations serve to differentiate between non-vestibular and vestibular (peripheral) forms of vertigo. Of essential importance is the determination of nystagmus with the aid of Frenzel lenses, with distinction being made between voluntary nystagmus and provoked nystagmus. These orientating examinations, which can be carried out by the family doctor, set the points for the further course. On account of the need for special equipment, such studies as the caloric tests, the swivel chair test, optokinetic tests or the tilting stage test, remain the domain of the specialist. They enable a definitive differentiation of an ENT illness from a neurological disorder.
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PMID:[Central or vestibular vertigo? Diagnostic look through Frenzel glasses]. 1110 22


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