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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Comparison of the otoneurological symptoms and the results of computed tomography (CT) showed that these methods of examination often differed in the information concerning the degree of local and stem manifestations. Otoneurological examination detects very clearly the stem vestibular signs (primary and secondary), while it fails to detect the focal hemispheric disorders due to impaired consciousness of the patients and predominance of stem symptoms. In contrast, CT determines very distinctly focal affections in the cerebral hemispheres (hematomas, contusion) but sometimes does not reveal a pathological condition in the stem parts of the brain. Comparison of the CT and the otoneurological findings made it possible to explain the pathogenesis of some vestibular symptoms, deficit of the caloric nystagmus rapid phase in particular. Diffuse brain edema, which was detected by CT, was attended otoneurologically by deficit of the rapid phase of the caloric nystagmus or by vestibular areflexia. Diffuse edema of one of the cerebral hemispheres is marked with deficit of the rapid phase of the caloric nystagmus only in one direction, in the other direction this nystagmus is of a phase character but tonic. Comparison of the results of CT with the otoneurological symptoms allows the different role and significance of each method in the acute period of craniocerebral trauma to be ascertained. These methods of examination supplement one another because they reflect different aspects of the complex processes taking place in craniocerebral trauma.
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PMID:[A comparison of the data from otoneurological and computed tomographic examinations performed in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma]. 165 62

Since in the acute period of diffuse axonal craniocerebral trauma (CCT) the patient is comatose or, less frequently, soporous, only objective otoneurological signs (spontaneous nystagmus, altered caloric nystagmus, and traumatic damage to the otorhinolaryngological organs) may be revealed. The caloric nystagmus usually possesses all the signs characteristic of coma of different depth (absence of the caloric nystagmus in the absence of all reflexes, respiratory and cardiac disorders, total or partial loss of the rapid phase of the caloric nystagmus with the eye drifting and stopping in the direction of the slow phase of the nystagmus, the duration of such a reaction increases 3-4 fold on both sides, the vital functions are usually not disturbed in this syndrome). Both syndromes are manifested, as a rule, particularly distinctly in increasing brain edema. In the soporous state hyperreflexia of the caloric nystagmus from 2 sides was encountered with its sharp tonicity, occasional drifts of the eyes in the direction of the slow phase of the nystagmus at the peak of the caloric reaction, or hyperreflexia and tonicity of the caloric nystagmus in one direction was revealed in loss of the slow phase of the caloric nystagmus in the other direction. The last named was encountered in predominant edema of one of the cerebral hemispheres. Distinct correlations were noted as a rule between the features of the caloric nystagmus, the level of consciousness, and the degree of brain edema judged according to the findings of CT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The otoneurological symptoms in diffuse axonal brain lesion from the age aspect]. 166 87

A 25-year-old woman suffered from hyperemesis gravidarum when she was seven weeks pregnant. Since her vomiting continued, she received intravenous dextrose and electrolytes without thiamine in a hospital. One month later, she developed gait disturbance, followed by confusion and dysarthria. On admission to our department, she was confusional and had ataxic dysarthria. Spontaneous and gaze evoked nystagmus was present. Limb coordination was bilaterally ataxic. Based on her clinical course and symptoms, she was diagnosed as having Wernicke's encephalopathy. From the admission day, intravenous infusion of vitamin B1 (600 mg/day) was started. A few days later, her consciousness and limb ataxia began to improve. However, truncal ataxia and polyneuropathy became evident. Eight weeks after onset, she developed Korsakoff's psychosis such as anterograde and retrograde amnesia, disorientation and confabulation. We administered large amounts of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 500 mg/day) in order to reduce brain edema or stabilize the impaired blood-brain barrier. Soon after, her psychosis began to improve gradually. She recovered remarkably from the psychosis, but she was left with persistent nystagmus, mild ataxic gait and polyneuropathy. The present case suggests that corticosteroid may have the beneficial effect on Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
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PMID:[Beneficial effect of steroid pulse therapy on Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome due to hyperemesis gravidarum]. 795 22

An 11-year-old boy suffered from fever, headache, severe vertigo and unsteady gait. Physical examination showed bilateral vertical nystagmus, mild corneal reflex delay of the right eye and asymmetric facial expression. Laboratory data showed leukopenia, high ESR and normal CSF study. Brain CT showed diffuse brain edema. Electronystagmography showed upbeat nystagmus and central vertigo. EEG revealed diffuse slow wave and mild to moderate cortical dysfunction. MRI of the head showed focal abnormal signal intensity at the ventral portion of the medulla oblongata on both sides. Under suspicion of enteroviral encephalitis, mannitol and IVIG were given. The virological profiles were negative, ANA 1:640 nucleolar type, low complements and proteinuria. Anti-ds DNA was elevated and anti-ribosomal-P antibodies were positive. Under impression of SLE with CNS involvement, betamethasone was given. Fever, nystagmus and ataxia subsided gradually. Steroid was tapered and imuran was added. The following laboratory data were normal. In his past history, the patient was diagnosed Kikuchi disease. The manifestations of SLE were rare initial presentations as vertigo or vertical nystagmus. We present a case with review of literature and conclusion that physicians should keep in mind the possibility of SLE if patients present with unspecific neurological symptoms and concomitant systemic symptoms.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus with presentation as vertigo and vertical nystagmus: report of one case. 1452 Oct 22