Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old boy with monocular vertical nystagmus, initially believed to have spasmus nutans, subsequently developed optic atrophy and visual loss. Neuroradiologic investigation indicated probable chiasmal glioma. The case of this patient re-emphasizes the necessity of careful clinical and radiologic assessment before assuming acquired monocular nystagmus to be a benign and self-limited disorder.
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PMID:Monocular vertical nystagmus as an initial sign of chiasmal glioma. 43 58

Abnormal head movements have been studied in a variety of diseases using objective recording techniques and the data analysed with respect to the frequency content of the movement. Flopping, nodding, tic, chorea, myoclonic jerks, and most head tremors involve frequencies of approximately 2 and 4 Hz which correspond to the natural fundamental and second harmonic resonances of the head as determined by the mechanical properties of the head/neck system. These findings provide a basis for classification of abnormal head movements as well as an explanation of the characteristics of those arising from hypotonia of the neck muscles. The similarities between tremor frequencies and natural resonances suggest that in the case of the head, tremor arises from disorders of neural mechanisms normally responsible for the fine control of voluntary head movement and for stabilisation of the head during disturbance of posture. Head movements in cases of congenital nystagmus were found to be of two types. Some were of bizarre waveform, in no way assisted vision, and were taken to be of primarily pathological origin and classified as tremors. Others were learned adaptive responses which assisted vision either by interrupting the nystagmus, as in the case of spasmus nutans, or by compensating for the nystagmus with an inverse waveform and were called nodding. A prerequisite for true compensatory nodding is modified vestibulo-ocular reflex.
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PMID:Abnormal head movements. 49 Jan 76

Twins girls presented with monocular nystagmus, head-nodding, and tilting in early infancy. This disorder resolved without therapy or residual defect. This case represents the first documented report of spasmus nutans presenting with only monocular nystagmus in twins. The etiology of spasmus nutans and monocular nystagmus is discussed in light of recent clinical and experimental observations.
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PMID:Acquired monocular nystagmus in monozygous twins. 57 15

Clinical findings as well as eye and head movement recordings were analyzed from 23 patients with spasmus nutans without central nervous system (CNS) changes, 10 patients with spasmus nutans-like disease (head nodding, intermittent nystagmus associated with intracranial anomalies or visual pathway disorders), and 25 patients with infantile nystagmus. Ten diagnostic signs were established to differentiate between the patient groups. Although they were helpful in separating patients with infantile nystagmus from those with spasmus nutans, no difference was found between the patients with spasmus nutans with and without CNS lesions. This study indicates that eye and head movement recordings do not allow differentiation between benign spasmus nutans and spasmus nutans-like disease. The differentiation must be made on the basis of neuroimaging.
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PMID:Signs distinguishing spasmus nutans (with and without central nervous system lesions) from infantile nystagmus. 223 49

Head nodding (to-and-fro turning about the vertical cervical axis) associated with abnormal eye movements may be seen in spasmus nutans and congenital nystagmus. In the absence of abnormal eye movements, it may be indicative of neurological disease (eg, cerebellar disease, basal ganglia dysfunction). We report a neurologically normal infant without nystagmus but with intermittent head nodding and intermittent esotropia, whose head movements manifested only when his eyes were straight. The head movements ceased with the occlusion of either eye or spontaneous onset of esotropia. When his head was forcibly stabilized, he immediately developed esotropia. The head movement presumably facilitated fusion, although the mechanism of action is unknown.
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PMID:Head nodding associated with intermittent esotropia. 224 38

Rapid, horizontal, pendular head oscillations were observed in 18 visually impaired children with nystagmus during intense visual fixation, and the characteristics of this behaviour were analysed. Head tilting and eye deviations also occurred in 14 of the children. Their symptoms and signs resembled spasmus nutans. Head shaking appeared to be a voluntary, learned, neurovisual adaptation to improve visual acuity. Accurate simultaneous recordings of eye and head movements are required to understand the pathophysiological significance of these head oscillations.
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PMID:Head shaking by visually impaired children: a voluntary neurovisual adaptation which can be confused with spasmus nutans. 228 5

A patient is described who presented with dissociated nystagmus (atypical spasmus nutans) and an underlying pulvinar-tectal lesion. Atypical spasmus nutans is discussed and clinicians are alerted to a spectrum of possible etiologies.
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PMID:Atypical spasmus nutans as an initial sign of thalamic neoplasm. 350 12

Spasmus nutans includes ocular oscillations, head nodding, and anomalous head positions. No quantitative longitudinal study verifying the natural history of this self-limited condition has appeared in the literature. Using infrared oculography, we prospectively examined the eye movements of otherwise neurologically normal infants in whom a diagnosis of spasmus nutans had been made. At this writing the ocular oscillations and head movements in two of the children were clinically absent, thereby confirming the diagnosis. The ocular movements are characterized by a phase difference between the oscillations of each eye that varies both during one recording session and during development. The dissociated, pendular nystagmus consists of high-frequency oscillations that may be disconjugate, conjugate, or purely uniocular.
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PMID:Spasmus nutans. A quantitative prospective study. 356 6

Near-evoked nystagmus was evident in two children with spasmus nutans by clinical observation and electro-oculographic recording. In one child the nystagmus appeared to be evoked by fusional convergence and in the other by convergence-accommodation. These cases represent an atypical form of spasmus nutans in which the nystagmus is modulated by centers controlling visuomotor changes with near viewing.
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PMID:Near-evoked nystagmus in spasmus nutans. 372 97

Spasmus nutans occurs in early childhood and consists of a triad of symptoms as follows: small-amplitude, rapid, horizontal nystagmus in one or both eyes asymmetrically; head nodding; and anomalous head position. Once thought to be a benign clinical entity, there are an increasing number of reports linking spasmus nutans to optic nerve and chiasmal gliomas. We describe 14 patients with spasmus nutans, none of whom were found to have a tumor with computed tomographic scanning. One patient, however, had an arachnoid cyst and an empty sella and another patient had a porencephalic cyst. The diagnosis of spasmus nutans, its implications, and its management are discussed.
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PMID:Spasmus nutans. A benign clinical entity? 376 83


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