Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical study of abduction can be completed by the electro-oculographic recording of saccades with stop on for each saccade with back movement. Several deficits of abduction are studied: Vlth nerve palsy, unilateral or bilateral Stilling-Duane syndrome, Vlth nerve pseudo-palsy in child esotropia with manifest-latent nystagmus. The diagrams show the restriction or the absence of abduction and allow to follow up the spontaneous or post-surgical recovery.
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PMID:[Study of abduction in congenital, acquired, and pseudo-paralysis of the 6th nerve]. 264 Oct 83

This study assessed ocular nystagmus and motion experiences of men exposed to both simple (angular acceleration) and complex (Coriolis) vestibular stimulation during approximately 55 h of sleep loss. Control and sleep-deprived groups each comprised 10 young men. Angular accelerations and Coriolis stimulation (30 degrees head movements during CW rotation) were accomplished in darkness in an enclosed Still-Werner rotating device. Nystagmus and motion experiences (turning, "diving," and "climbing") were recorded throughout each session. Tests were given at 0900 and 1300 on each of 3 successive days. Subjects ingested 10-mg of d-amphetamine at 1200 on Day 3. During simple stimulation, the sleep-deprived group showed regular declines across sessions in slow phase and duration measures of nystagmus but fast phase ocular frequency and measures of experienced turning resisted declines until the final predrug session; subjective response latencies increased with sleep loss. Declines during rotation for ocular output and measures of perceived displacement during rightward head tilts ("climbing" sensation) were obtained for the sleep deprived, but both nystagmus and sensations were unaffected by return (leftward) movements of the head ("diving" sensation). d-Amphetamine had no consistent effect on responses of control subjects, but significantly increased nystagmus and elevated (but not significantly) measures of turning experiences for the sleep deprived.
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PMID:Some effects of sleep loss on vestibular responses. 326 Apr 86

Still now several hypotheses about the mechanisms of the caloric nystagmus have been in conclusive. In this study we confirmed the convection effect and the volume change effect of the endolymph in horizontal semicircular canal following the caloric stimulation using pigeons (Columba livia). Although the direction of the caloric nystagmus depended on the head position and the stimulus site of calorization, the caloric nystagmus disappeared after plugging of horizontal semicircular canal. On the other hand, the ampulla pressure increased by cold calorization and decreased by hot calorization and these pressure changes had no relation to the head position. These results show that the main role of the mechanisms of the caloric nystagmus under 1G is the convection effect but the volume change effect may act on the caloric nystagmus not only under 1G but also under microgravity.
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PMID:Changes of ampulla pressure in the semicircular canal of pigeons by caloric stimulation. 1153 16

The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test was conceived, developed and promulgated as a simple procedure for the determination of the blood alcohol concentration of drivers suspected of driving while intoxicated (DWI). Bypassing the usual scientific review process and touted through the good offices of the federal agency responsible for traffic safety, it was rushed into use as a law enforcement procedure, and was soon adopted and protected from scientific criticism by courts throughout the United States. In fact, research findings, training manuals and other relevant documents were often held as secrets by the state. Still, the protective certification of its practitioners and the immunity afforded by judicial notice failed to silence all the critics of this deeply flawed procedure. Responding to criticism, the sponsors of the test traveled the path documented in this paper that led from mere (if that word can ever truly apply to a matter of such gravity) carelessness in research through self-serving puffery and finally into deliberate fraud--always at the expense of the citizen accused.
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PMID:The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus test: fraudulent science in the American courts. 1527 Apr 51

Eye tracking is a useful tool when studying the oscillatory eye movements associated with nystagmus. However, this oscillatory nature of nystagmus is problematic during calibration since it introduces uncertainty about where the person is actually looking. This renders comparisons between separate recordings unreliable. Still, the influence of the calibration protocol on eye movement data from people with nystagmus has not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, we propose a calibration method using Procrustes analysis in combination with an outlier correction algorithm, which is based on a model of the calibration data and on the geometry of the experimental setup. The proposed method is compared to previously used calibration polynomials in terms of accuracy, calibration plane distortion and waveform robustness. Six recordings of calibration data, validation data and optokinetic nystagmus data from people with nystagmus and seven recordings from a control group were included in the study. Fixation errors during the recording of calibration data from the healthy participants were introduced, simulating fixation errors caused by the oscillatory movements found in nystagmus data. The outlier correction algorithm improved the accuracy for all tested calibration methods. The accuracy and calibration plane distortion performance of the Procrustes analysis calibration method were similar to the top performing mapping functions for the simulated fixation errors. The performance in terms of waveform robustness was superior for the Procrustes analysis calibration compared to the other calibration methods. The overall performance of the Procrustes calibration methods was best for the datasets containing errors during the calibration.
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PMID:A robust method for calibration of eye tracking data recorded during nystagmus. 3082 58