Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of trisomy 6p21 leads to 6pter resulting from a maternal balanced t(2;6)(p25;p21) translocation is reported. The main clinical abnormalities were psychomotor retardation, hypotrophy, blepharophimosis, nystagmus, high nasal bridge, small mouth, sacral dimple, and systolic murmur. Other anomalies might have been due to partial 2p monosomy. Comparison with seven other cases of trisomy 6p allowed the delineation of a clinical entity. Direct proof of the localization of HLA genes was given by the presence of three haplotypes in the index patient.
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PMID:Partial trisomy 6p. 11 Jun 70

A male patient with profound mental retardation, athetosis, nystagmus, and severe congenital hypotonia (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD]) was previously shown to carry a pericentric inversion of the X chromosome, 46,Y,inv(X)(p21.2q22.2). His mother carried this inversion on one X allele. The patient's condition was originally misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy, and only later was it diagnosed as DMD. Because the DMD gene is located at Xp21.2, which is one breakpoint of the inv(X), and because its defects are rarely associated with severe mental retardation, the other clinical features of this patient were deemed likely to be associated with the opposite breakpoint at Xq22. Our precise molecular-cytogenetic characterization of both breakpoints revealed three catastrophic genetic events that had probably influenced neuromuscular and cognitive development: deletion of part of the DMD gene at Xp21.2, duplication of the human proteolipid protein gene (PLP) at Xq22.2, and disruption of a novel gene. The latter sequence, showing a high degree of homology to the Sec4 gene of yeast, encoded a putative small guanine-protein, Ras-like GTPase that we have termed "RLGP." Immunocytochemistry located RLGP at mitochondria. We speculate that disruption of RLGP was responsible for the patient's profound mental retardation.
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PMID:The Xq22 inversion breakpoint interrupted a novel Ras-like GTPase gene in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and profound mental retardation. 1214 44

Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous developmental brain disorder. The present study describes two male siblings, aged 7 and 1 yr old, with severe ID, spastic quadriplegia, nystagmus, and brain atrophy with acquired microcephaly. We used the exome sequencing to identify the causative gene in the patients and identified a hemizygous missense variant, c.1282T>A (p.W428R), in the p21-activated serine/threonine kinase 3 gene (PAK3), which is associated with X-linked ID. p.W428R is located within the highly conserved kinase domain and was predicted to induce loss of enzymatic function by three mutation prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster). In addition, this variant has not been reported in public databases (as of the middle of December 2018) or in the data from 3275 individuals of the Japanese general population analyzed using high-depth whole-genome sequencing. To date, only 13 point mutations and deletions in PAK3 in ID have been reported. The literature review illustrated a phenotypic spectrum of PAK3 pathogenic variant, and our cases represented the most severe form of the PAK3-associated phenotypes. This is the first report of a PAK3 pathogenic variant in Japanese patients with X-linked ID.
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PMID:A novel PAK3 pathogenic variant identified in two siblings from a Japanese family with X-linked intellectual disability: case report and review of the literature. 3144 67