Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Selective embolization of the internal carotid artery bifurcation (ICA bifurcation) was performed in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to study acute regional cerebral ischemia in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory with minimum surgical intervention in the neck under sedated conditions. The anthropomorphic similarity in angio-anatomy of the carotid system of monkeys and the use of silastic spheres, as artificial emboli, of the critical diameter of 1.2 to 1.4 mm resulted in the overall success rate of 87% in localizing the site of embolization to the ICA bifurcation, producing ischemia in the whole middle cerebral artery territory. All the animals with ICA-bifurcation embolization had contralateral deep motor weakness and conjugate eye deviation with nystagmus toward the site of embolization. Simultaneous EEG recording showed flattening of the basic background activities over the affected MCA area and cerebral arteriograms showed definite retrograde filling of the proximally occluded MCA. Clinical recovery was observed in a few animals within two to five hours of embolization. Gross ischemic swelling in the affected MCA territory, particularly in the gray matter, became obvious in six of eight animals which were exposed to four to five hours of ischemia. The angio-anatomical study of the carotid system of this experimental animal as a background for this MCA stroke model confirmed the previous observations of other investigators that the extremely abundant leptomeningeal anastomoses would be one of the major factors leading to the variability in the clinicopathological pictures seen in the models of proximal MCA occlusion. In addition, the pre-parenchymal anastomoses in the base of brain between the medial striate arteries from the proximal anterior cerebral (ACA) and lateral lenticulostriate arteries from the MCA were observed and described as a possible functional collateral to the basal ganglia in case of proximal MCA occlusion.
Stroke
PMID:Experimental regional cerebral ischemia in the middle cerebral artery territory in primates. Part 1: Angio-anatomy and description of an experimental model with selective embolization of the internal carotid artery bifurcation. 40 41

A patient with transient global amnesia also had transient bilateral gaze nystagmus which was detected both by conventional bedside examination and upon electronystagmographic recording. The nystagmus was absent one week later indicating recovery of the temporary brain stem deficit. The recording of objective evidence of brain stem dysfunction in the form of gaze nystagmus in a patient who had transient global amnesia, suggests that both were due to a transient ischemic attack involving the cerebral blood supply in the vertebrobasilar distribution.
Stroke
PMID:Brain stem dysfunction in transient global amnesia. 50 88

A 70 years-old man was admitted at our hospital because of unstable angina pectoris. He had essential hypertension and right hemiplegia from a ischemic stroke two years before admission. On neurologic examination, it was found mental disorientation, unstable emotionality, right spastic hemiparesis with right Babinski sign, and segmental myoclonus affecting the superior lip and the palate (palatal nystagmus) on the right side. On the CT scan, a giant aneurysm of the basilar artery was detected. We conclude that the segmental myoclonus could be explained by ischemic lesions in the Guillain-Mollaret triangle.
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PMID:Segmental myoclonus and basilar artery. Giant aneurysm. Case report. 130 61

Twenty-one elderly patients with dizziness underwent a comprehensive medical and otoneurological evaluation. The majority had vertigo, limited mobility and restricted neck movements. Poor visual acuity, postural hypotension and presbyacusis were also frequent findings. Electronystagmography revealed positional nystagmus in 12, disordered smooth pursuit in 18, and abnormal caloric responses in nine. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ischaemic changes in six out of eight patients. Although dizziness in the elderly is clearly multifactorial, the suggested importance of vertebrobasilar ischaemia warrants further consideration as vertigo has been shown to be a risk factor for stroke.
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PMID:The evaluation of dizziness in elderly patients. 143 53

The disturbance of visual perception associated with nystagmus is a rare phenomenon. This is a case of a 61-year-old woman who developed progressive right hemisensory deficit, left facial sensory deficit, vertigo, staggering to the left, left ptosis, vertical diplopia, and ataxia of the left upper extremity. She had rotatory nystagmus in primary position, which increased in amplitude with left gaze. The above signs and symptoms were consistent with lateral medullary syndrome. During her rehabilitation, the patient complained of visual disturbances typical of oscillopsia. These disturbances, or illusions, are compensatory mechanisms for nystagmus and its resultant retinal error. The purpose of this case presentation was to study the pathophysiology underlying oscillopsia in patients with nystagmus and to stimulate awareness of such visual disturbances in stroke patients.
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PMID:Visual illusions in a patient with lateral medullary syndrome. 199 Oct 18

Palatal myoclonus is a movement disorder consisting of rhythmic myoclonus of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and other muscles derived from the embryonal branchial arches. These movements are continuous and involuntary, and the patients are, in general, unaware of them. In the majority of patients, palatal myoclonus persists for life. In oculopalatal myoclonus, the eyes can be involved in the form of a nystagmus. Often a clicking noise in one or both ears is the initial symptom which can be heard by the examiner. A variety of etiologies have been linked to palatal myoclonus. The most common defined cause is a stroke. The variable delay between the proposed cause and the appearance of the disorder causes difficulties in determining the exact etiology. Pathologic findings show a transsynaptic hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus which is due to a lesion of a specific, inhibitory, anatomic pathway. This somatotopic pathway leaves the contralateral dentate nucleus, passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle, and crosses the posterior commissure before joining the central tegmental tract and descending to the ipsilateral inferior olive. Treatment of palatal myoclonus is only occasionally effective. Some patients have responded to tryptophan, carbamazepine, and trihexyphenidyl. Surgical attempts have not been successful. - In the present paper the authors report on a case of an oculopalatal myoclonus following Leber's optic atrophy which involved the brain stem.
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PMID:[Etiology and clinical aspects of palatal myoclonus]. 224 51

The pretectal syndrome occurred in 2.3% of patients personally examined over an 18-year period. The symptoms were nonspecific, but the signs (abnormal pupils in 198 patients, vertical gaze limitation in 180, disjunctive horizontal eye position in 90 and vertical in 79, lid retraction in 83, and convergence-retraction nystagmus in 71) were exquisitely localizing. The etiology, skewed by the local prevalence of cysticercosis, was hydrocephalus in 80 patients, stroke in 53, and tumor in 45. The importance of timely diagnosis was underscored by the relatively good prognosis of many patients.
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PMID:The pretectal syndrome: 206 patients. 232 Feb 46

A stroke with a somewhat unusual neurologic formula was correlated with a small linear high-intensity T2 focus in the lateral tegmentum of the lower third of the pons. The clinical features included dysarthria, staggering gait, incoordination of handwriting, right facial weakness, nystagmus, ocular overshoot, right appendicular ataxia, and left-sided dissociated sensory loss for pain and temperature. Lacunar lesions of the tegmentum in the region of the pontomedullary junction, while not uncommon, have not been studied pathologically and have not been reported in the magnetic resonance imaging literature, to my knowledge.
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PMID:Lacunar infarct of the tegmentum of the lower lateral pons. 271 52

Right hemisphere brain-damaged stroke patients demonstrate a variety of neurologic deficits which seem to impair their ability to regain self-care independence. Visual perceptual and visual search disorders have been implicated with persistent functional deficits. The objective of this study was to measure the extent to which defects of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), an ocular movement reflex, may be associated with inability to regain independent function. Eighteen right hemisphere brain-damaged stroke patients suffering similar sensory-motor deficits were followed up from admission as they underwent self-care training in a comprehensive stroke rehabilitation center. Ten subjects demonstrated unilateral absence of OKN and eight subjects demonstrated bilaterally intact responses upon admission. Upper extremity (UE) dressing independence was used as an indicator of functional skill level at admission, during treatment, and at discharge. Subjects with unilateral loss of OKN were significantly less independent at admission and at discharge when compared to subjects with intact OKN. Although both groups of patients made statistically significant gains in UE dressing, those with defective OKN had a 40% greater inpatient length of stay and were more likely to be discharged to a nursing home or needed care by a significant other after rehabilitation.
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PMID:Optokinetic nystagmus and upper extremity dressing independence after stroke. 397 69

A 60-year-old black male with a 13-year history of adult onset diabetes mellitus and hypertension with a previous lacunar stroke suddenly developed a periodic head and eye movement disorder characterized by nonalternating skew deviation, rotatory nystagmus, head tilt, and lid retraction. On CT scan, the patient had a lacunar infarct in the right midbrain in the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, an anatomical area involved with head tilt, torsional eye movement, and skew deviation.
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PMID:Periodic nonalternating ocular skew deviation accompanied by head tilt and pathologic lid retraction. 622 16


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