Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of transdermal therapeutic system of scopolamine (TTS-S) in the prevention of sea sickness and the extent of its side effects were evaluated in 130 male healthy sailors (volunteers) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study. TTS-S or transdermal placebo (TD-P) were placed behind ears 12 hours before departure and removed 72 hours later. It was found that the severity of motion sickness in the TTS-S group was significantly milder than that in the TD-P group. The TTS-S had no statistically significant side effects when compared with the TD-P. The levels of histamine in the blood of 10 subjects, with or without TTS-S, were measured following experimental motion sickness induced by Coriolis test, and the induced optokinetic rotational nystagmus was recorded. The results demonstrated that the level of blood histamine increased after motion sickness, it was higher in the subjects with TTS-S, and there was no significant difference for the optokinetic rotational nystagmus between groups. These findings suggested that histamine contribute to the development of motion sickness and scopolamine may play anti-motion sickness action by blocking the H1-receptor.
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PMID:[Transdermal therapeutic system of scopolamine (TTS-S) in the prevention of sea sickness and its mechanism of action]. 207 42

In order to test the possible presence of nystagmus during episodes of sea sickness, we performed electronystagmography (ENG) on nine subjects before and during sailing on a 35-ton vessel in a somewhat heavy sea. In addition, the accelerations of the x, y and z axes of the ship were also monitored and simultaneously recorded. Nystagmus was not detected in pre-sailing recordings, while all of the subjects demonstrated clear positional nystagmus during sailing. The nystagmus was episodic, direction-fixed and its intensity was greater in sea-sick than in non-sick subjects. Our findings suggest that the nystagmus recorded is labyrinthine in origin and stems from temporary peripheral vestibular dysfunction elicited by sea sickness.
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PMID:Nystagmus episodes related to sea sickness. 366 28

To date the incidence and treatment of motion sickness have not been satisfactorily elucidated. Discrepancies among individuals in tolerating strong velocities and accelerations are well-known. To prevent motion sickness evaluations of individual predispositions are important. There are several current theories on the nature of motion sickness. These include the mismatching of sensory inputs, a Coriolis force, non-physiological stimuli and modulation of vestibuloocular reflexes (VOR). The main influence of the vestibular organ in generating kinetosis is obvious. Analysis of the chief movements of a ship demonstrates that linear acceleration is the principle factor in stimulating the vestibular organ. The moving gravity vector causes an intense otolith stimulation. By this means VOR is temporarily shut down. This effect can also be used for documenting motion sickness. A battery of vestibular tests was performed on the military research ship "Planet" during a 2-week autumny voyage on the Atlantic Ocean. Spontaneous nystagmus, bithermal bilateral responses and rotatory testing (slow harmonic acceleration) results were recorded by electronystagmography. Findings before starting and during the voyage were compared. A group of 3 unexperienced volunteers and 9 professional seamen were investigated. All unexperienced volunteers suffered from sea sickness, while none of the professionals showed any symptoms. At the beginning of the voyage the gain in nystagmus in harmonic acceleration testing was significantly lower in the professionals than in the unexperienced volunteers. During the voyage all professionals showed nearly constant gain values. All unexperienced individuals showed a decrease in gain only during the time of acute symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental studies of motion sickness on board of a research ship]. 802 Nov 53