Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eye-tracking and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) abmormalities in patients with focal lesions of the nervous system are reviewed. Patients with peripheral labyrinthine lesions can have deficits in smooth pursuit and OKN, but they are rapidly compensated after an acute lesion. By contrast, patients with large, cerebellopontine angle tumors have progressive impairment of pursuit and OKN as the tumor enlarges. Abnormalities of saccadic eye movements suggest intrinsic central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Saccade accuracy is severely impaired with cerebellar lesions, while brain stem disease frequently results in a slowing of saccade maximum velocity. Smooth pursuit and OKN abnormalities are common with all types of CNS lesions. The pattern of eye-tracking and OKN abnormality can be useful in anatomically localizing nervous system lesions.
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PMID:Eye-tracking and optokinetic nystagmus. Results of quantitative testing in patients with well-defined nervous system lesions. 29 96

Spontaneous eye movements and responses to visual and vestibular stimuli were recorded in 30 patients with pontine angle tumors (26 neurinomas, 2 meningeomas, 1 chosteatoma, 1 angioma). Pre- and postoperative recordings in most cases showed a bilateral dimunition of horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) that prevailed towards the side contralateral to the tumor. This is explained by a homolateral floccular lesion and cannot be the consequence of spontaneous nystagmus or asymmetrical gaze nystagmus. The predominance of a homolateral OKN-diminution often described in the literature was found in advanced cases or post-operatively as a sign of pontine reticular formation damage. The neighbourhood of the flocculus to the VIIIth nerve and animal experiments with floccular lesions causing a contralateral OKN diminution support out explanation. Additional arguments for damage of cerebellar oculomotor functions are the predominance of cogwheeled smooth pursuit and the occasional observation of hypermetric saccades, both toward the side of the tumor. Patients with very large tumors finally develop a complete disruption of OKN toward the homolateral side together with concomitant gaze paralysis.
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PMID:[Oculomotor disturbances as cerebellar symptoms in pontine angle tumors. Contralateral diminution of optokinetic nystagmus as early sign of floccular lesions (author's transl)]. 30 Feb 37

Spontaneous and experimental vestibular activity in 84 patients after total resection of neurinomas of the acoustic nerve is analysed. In the immediate postoperative period the frequency of marked manifestations of spontaneous vestibular activity reduced sharply, but spontaneous nystagmus persisted in 97.5% of patients. In some patients spontaneous nystagmus to the side from which the tumor had been removed become more conspicuous. In the remote postoperative period spontaneous nystagmus was unilateral in 45.5% of patients, bilateral in 40.3%, and not recorded at all in 14.2% of patients. In the early postoperative period vestibular hyperreflexia was recorded in 93.7% of cases, in the remote period it was found in 76.6% of cases. Data obtained by comparing the results of caloric tests with cold and hot water in these patients are also analysed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous and experimental vestibular activity following total removal of neurinomas of the auditory nerve]. 30 20

A rare case of the choroid plexus papilloma originating from the extraventricle was reported. A 48-hear-old woman began not to walk well about two years ago. Then, she was complained of vertigo, hearing disturbance of the right ear and nausea. These symptoms gradually increased. On admission she had papilledema, Brun's nystagmus, hearing disturbance of right ear and cerebellar ataxia. Cerebral angiogram and CT scan showed dilated ventricles and a large tumor in the posterior fossa. At operation, tumor was found in extramedullary space at the right cerebello-pontine angle and extended to the foramen magnum. This was removed totally. Histological examination revealed choroid plexus papilloma. Her postoperative course was satisfactory and shunting procedure was not necessary. According to the electron microscopic findings, the ultrastructure of tumor was similar to that of normal choroid plexus. We could not clear the morphological features which were considered essential for overproduction of CSF in the tumor.
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PMID:[A case of choroid plexus papilloma at the right cerebello-pontine angle (author's transl)]. 30 61

A patient with a right hemicerebellectomy and recurrence of a tumor on the left cerebellar hemisphere was examined regarding oculomotor and vestibuloocular functions. The findings were as follows: inability to maintain eccentric gaze; defective smooth pursuit system; failure to suppress by visual fixation the nystagmus induced by sinusoidal horizontal rotations; moderate increase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain when rotated in the dark; relative preservation of the slow phases of the optokinetic nystagmus, as compared to the slow phases induced by tracking a pendulum; decreased gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex when rotated with the lights on fixating the environment; square wave jerks; and no saccadic dysmetria.
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PMID:Effects of cerebellectomy on eye movements in man. 37 82

Thirty-six cases of meningiomas in cats were reviewed as to the clinical signs and anatomic location. Age, breed, and sex also were noted. It was found that, in general, meningiomas affected older cats, with two thirds of them being greater than or equal to 10 years old. There was no breed predilection, although there was a majority of male cats. In most cases, the anatomic location was supratentorial, with only one case being infratentorial, and no tumors were below the foramen magnum. A number of cats had multiple maningiomas, and this often complicated the anatomic localization by neurologic examination. Tentorial herniation (6 cases) was associated with positional nystagmus or tetraparesis, or both, in addition to the deficits caused by the tumor.
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PMID:Meningiomas in cats: a retrospective clinical study of 36 cases. 43 52

A 3-year-old boy had a history of nausea and vomiting for 1 month. After two episodes of tonic cramp, he became drowsy and then semicomatous. Physical examination on admission revealed a dehydrated semicomatous boy with fixed, dilated pupils of equal size, horizontal nystagmus, and left hemiparesis with bilateral Babinski signs. Plain skull films showed a separation of coronal and sagittal sutures. A high density area surrounded by cyst was found in the pineal region in CT scan. Angiography demonstrated stretching of the posterior choroidal arteries, backward displacement of the Galen, the posterior mesencephalic and the precentral vein. The right occipital transtentorial approach was selected to remove the tumor totally. Histology revealed epidermis, hair follicle, sebaceus and sweat glands, columar gland, bone, cartilage, muscle, fatty tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue, indicating a pineal teratoma. There was no evidence of germinoma.
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PMID:[Pineal teratoma--case report (author's transl)]. 44 May 19

Eye movements were studied with electro-oculography in a patient with primary position, large amplitude, upbeat nystagmus. The upbeat nystagmus increased in amplitude on upward gaze, decreased on downward gaze, and was not altered by loss of fixation. The patient could not produce smooth pursuit movements upward or to the left, but had normal saccadic and vestibular induced eye movements in all directions. At necropsy, a low grade glioma was found involving primarily the medulla and caudal pons. The inferior olives and prepositus hypoglossal nuclei were diffusely infiltrated with tumor. These results suggest (1) primary position upbeat nystagmus is due to a defect in the upward smooth pursuit system, (2) the lower brain stem at the level of the inferior olives and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is important in the mediation of vertical pursuit, and (3) primary position upbeat nystagmus can result from damage to several nuclei and interconnecting pathways in the caudal brain stem and midline cerebellum involved in control of vertical smooth pursuit.
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PMID:Primary position upbeat nystagmus. A clinicopathologic study. 55 68

This is the 28th case report of jugular foramen neurinoma in the world. A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dizziness and impaired balance. Neurological examination revealed IX, XI and XII cranial nerves and cerebellar involvements, e.g., Brun's-Cushing nystagmus, curtain sign on the left, weakness of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle and deviation of the tongue to the left, accompanied with atrophy. Choked discs and other signs of increased intracranial pressure were not recognized. There were no cerebellar symptoms except impaired balance and nystagmus. Lateral view of vertebral angiography showed that the posterior inferior cerebellar artery was displaced backward and upward, the basilar artery was imposed to the clivus, and the superior cerebellar artery was elevated. A-P view of vertebral angiography showed that the posterior inferior cerebellar artery was displaced to the left. Enlargement of the left jugular foramen was revealed especially by tomograms of horizontal section at the level of 0.3 cm below the external acoustic meatus and 0.5 cm behind the external acoustic meatus. The jugular foramen margins were smooth and somewhat sclerotic. We confirmed the diagnosis of the jugular foramen neurinoma on the left. Suboccipital craniectomy confirmed a huge tumor which covered the left jugular foramen and the bulk of which was in the cisterna magna. These findings were supposed to explain that the patient did not show increased intracranial pressure. The tumor was encapsuled with smooth and thin capsule. This tumor was totally removed and the postoperative course was uneventful. Histological diagnosis was neurinoma. We consider that this tumor arose on the IXth or XIth cranial nerve.
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PMID:[Intracranial neurinoma of jugular foramen--report of a case and reference, its clinical manifestations (author's transl)]. 55 40

The familial occurrence of retinal dysplasia in five affected male children suggested X-chromosome-linked recessive inheritance. The clinical features were childhood onset, severe visual impairment, head posture, nystagmus, and strabismus. The ophthalmoscopic findings varied in shape and extension; they ranged from retinal folds to dysplastic tissue covering the posterior pole or gliosis with tumor-like protrusion in the vitreous. The marked variability of the retinal findings was paralleled by the visual acuity, which ranged from some vision to blindness. Electroretinograms coordinated well with ophthalmoscopic observations. Of the five mothers, who are the presumed heterozygous carriers, two showed retinal changes.
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PMID:Primary retinal dysplasia transmitted as X-chromosome-linked recessive disorder. 56 35


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