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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors undertook in Tunisia a cochleo-vestibular study of multiple sclerosis. 94 cases were included, with the following results:--67 patients had spontaneous nystagmus in the dark.--With provocation studies: - 52 cases showed signs of an irritative-type central vestibular syndrome, - 25 cases had a deficiency-type central vestibular syndrome. All of the patients underwent audition studies but the results showed that only 5 patients had a bilateral and symetrical retro-labyrinthine type perception deafness.
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PMID:[Multiple sclerosis in Tunisia: cochleo-vestibular study (author's transl)]. 30 92

We studied 56 cases of disseminated sclerosis, all during an attack of the disease and all presenting with symptoms of incoordination. The diagnosis was certain both clinically and biochemically. Out of this population, 64% of the patients had unprovoked nystagmus; of these patients 48% had central type nystagmus (multiple, vertical superior or vertical inferior, or bilateral "gaze nystagmus"). We investigated particularly abnormalities in the bithermic tests (vestibular hypovalency, directional preponderance of nystagmus, thermic preponderance) and in particular we studied an index which to the best of our knowledge has never been seriously and statistically investigated. We called this the bithermic reflexogenic index or BRI. We express abnormalities in this index in terms of a disharmony in the bithermic response of one or both vestibules. This index is expressed by the formula o cold + o hot/o cold-o hot x 10 which is the relative difference in the cold and hot test for the same vestibule. The normal index based on research in 180 normal vestibules, is always less than 20. The response is measured in frequency. The results of this study on bithermic tests allowed us to divide our DS population into two main groups: -- the first group comprised 36% of our cases. All the parametric indices are normal (directional preponderance of the nystagmus, thermic preponderance and bithermic reflexogenic index) but the presence of unprovoked nystagmus (88% of the group) is always associated with bilateral vestibular hypereflectivity; -- the second group comprised 64% of the DS patients studied. Unprovoked nystagmus was seen in 50%. All had normal vestibular reflexes or subnormal reflexes without clear cut hypovalency, associated with an abnormality either of directional preponderance of the nystagmus (30%) or of thermic preponderance (25%), or both combined (22%). But in all cases there was an abnormality of the bithermic reflexogenic index greater than 20. This abnormality seems to us to be the most frequent and the most typical. The specificity of this index is under study at the present time. One or another of these syndromes appearing in a young subject who does not have a past medical history of head injury or vascular accidents is strongly in favour of an attack of disseminated sclerosis.
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PMID:[Vestibular meanifestations of multiple sclerosis. A new diagnostic element revealed by bithermic tests]. 31 47

The electronystagmogram has its place in clinical neurological diagnosis as a recording method for the investigation of nystagmus with different conditions (spontaneous nystagmus, testing of eye-following movements, optokinetic nystagmus and rotational excitability). It must be used in all patients with complaints of dizziness, with clinically demonstrable nystagmus phenomena, in patients being examined for expert opinion after cranial traumata and in searching for vestibular involvement in certain diseases, e.g. vestibular disinhibition or dishabituation in multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:[The electronystagmography in neurology (author's transl)]. 40 50

Eye care professionals can play an important role in the early detection of multiple sclerosis (MS) since the disease often has ocular manifestations such as optic neuritis. In conjunction with optic neuritis, symptoms such as ocular pain, acuity reduction, visual field loss, blurred or edematous discs, nystagmus, and diplopia may be present. Although MS still has no cure, early identification can aid in beginning the treatment of the symptoms.
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PMID:Early identification of multiple sclerosis through ocularly manifested symptoms. 45 99

The first autopsy of a case of multiple sclerosis from the District of Hokuriku was reported. The patient, a 50-year-old house-wife, born in Toyama Prefecture, had noticed a paresthesia of her face, fatigue, numbness and weakness in the right limbs, dimness of vision and gait disturbance at ave 44. Furthermore, in the course of the disease, she had suffered from visual disorder, tetraplegia, hyperreflexia, pyramidal signs and cerebellar syndroms such as dysarthria, nystagmus, intention tremor and ataxia. She also showed symptoms of euphoria and dementia. After a course of six years she died of bronchopneumonia. Remissions and exacerbations were noted four times during her clinical history. Histopathologically, there were many recent and old demyelinating lesions of varying sizes and shapes in all parts of the central nervous system, namely the cerebrum, brainstem, spinal cord and optic nerve. In contrast to the clinical symptoms, the cerebellum itself revealed less plaques than the other areas of the brain. According to the observed distributions of the lesions, our case can be classified as belonging to the optico-cerebro-spinal type in the Ikuta and Zimmerman classification. The demyelinated lesions were characterized by a perivenular distribution of the plaques, lack of tissue necrosis, paucity of inflammatory reaction and marked fibrous gliosis of varying degrees.
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PMID:First autopsy report of a multiple sclerosis case in Hokuriku District of Japan. 53 38

Eye movements were quantitatively evaluated in 16 patients with well-documented multiple sclerosis who had minimal or no clinically apparent eye movement disorder. Induced saccade and pursuit eye movements were recorded with electro-oculography and analyzed with newly developed programs on a laboratory digital computer. Thirteen of the 16 patients had significant (p less than 0.05) impairment of saccades and/or smooth pursuit when compared with 25 normal subjects tested in our laboratory. The type and frequency of abnormalities were as follows: saccade dysmetria, eight; delayed saccade reaction time, five; bilateral saccade slowing, four; slowing of adducting saccades only (medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome), one; and impaired smooth pursuit, both directions, three, and one direction only, three. In addition, four patients had vestibular nystagmus with eyes closed, and one patient had typical rebound nystagmus. These data suggest that quantitative assessment of eye movements in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis can help in identifying the important "second lesion."
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PMID:Subclinical eye movement disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. 55 65

An 18-year-old woman presented with dissociated nystagmus that was first attributed to multiple sclerosis. When she attempted to maintain 30-degree horizontal gaze deviation in either direction, there was progressive weakness of the adducting eye and increasing amplitude of nystagmus in the abducting eye. The amplitude and maximum velocity of repetitive one-per-second 30-degree saccades progressively decreased over a 3-minute period. Intravenous edrophonium completely abolished the dissociated nystagmus and adducting muscle weakness, and returned the saccade maximum velocity to normal. Her subsequent response to pyridostigmine and thymectomy confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
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PMID:Eye movement fatigue in myasthenia gravis. 57 Jun 73

In a 6-year period (1970-1975), a total number of 10,730 patients were examined oto-neurologically by the same physician, all of the patients being referred from the neuromedical and neurosurgical departments. Persistent positional nystagmus is in this material the same as central positional nystagmus, because the lesion in all cases was of central origin. Central positional nystagmus was found to be a rare symptom, since it was only demonstrated in 124 patients (1%). Central positional nystagmus was defined as being with no latency, low and irregular frequency, nonfatiguable with no accompanying dizziness, and the patients examined in the following positions: right and left side, supine and with hanging head. In 52 cases (42%) the nystagmus was only demonstrated with hanging head. The diagnoses were dominated by intracranial tumors (34 infra-tentorial, 19 supratentorial). Among other diagnoses encountered were intracranial vascular disease, encephalopathia, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. 21 patients were children under 15 years of age, and in this group the intracranial tumors, especially the infratentorial, were even more dominant.
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PMID:Positional nystagmus of the persistent type. 57 Jun 91

The present paper is based on an exact analysis of the neurootological findings in 30 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Ms-diagnosis was verified using Schumacher's criteria and cerebro-spinal fluid findings. Central vestibular disorders were found in most of the cases. From our observation it may be assumed that the brainstem is an early site of involvement causing imbalance which can only be verified by an accurate neuro-otological evaluation. The most important pathological findings are the following: central spontaneous nystagmus, gaze-deviation nystagmus, positional nystagmus, disinhibition of induced (caloric and galvanic) nystagmus, delay of the reversal phenomenon of galvanic nystagmus,dysrhythmia as well as distorted optokinetic nystagmus. An extensive neuro-otological investigation is of clinical importance with respect to detecting cases of MS at an early stage of this disease.
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PMID:[The neuro-otological findings of the multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 57 5

The effect of head position on conjugate horizontal gaze was studied in healthy adults, in patients with multiple sclerosis without eye movement signs, and in patients with downbeat nystagmus indicative of low brain stem lesions. Displacements of gaze from primary position to 30 degrees left and right were recorded using the electro-oculogram, with the head in the primary position, and turned voluntarily to the left and right (in yaw). The quality of eye movements was noted and peak velocities of saccades were measured. The head turning test trebled the incidence of abnormal eye movements found in the multiple sclerosis patients and increased it by tenfold in the patients with downbeat nystagmus. Disorders of eye movement were also found in approximately 20--30% of healthy subjects tested. Weakness of abduction was the most common eye movement defect and appeared to be posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. A hypothesis is made which unifies the theoretical explanations of anterior and posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The most likely cause of the disorders of eye movement observed is vertebrobasilar ischaemia induced by stretching and compression of the vertebral arteries during eccentric head posture.
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PMID:Eccentric head positions reveal disorders of conjugate eye movement. 59 79


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