Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

A compilation of conditions deemed unusual from previous eras serves to highlight now obsolete jobs and remind that even relatively prevalent occupational disorders of today will be viewed retrospectively as strange in the proximate future. Discussed are coal miners' nystagmus, scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps, phossy jaw, hatters' shakes, painters' colic, potters' rot, chauffeurs' knee, glanders, caisson disease, and others.
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PMID:Diseases of unusual occupations: an historical perspective. 149 25

Simulated diving tests with helium oxygen mixture were carried out in guinea pigs. The water depth was 100M (1.1Mpa). Hearing ability of guinea pigs changes and inner ear lesions occurred after decompression. The tests proved that hearing changes were especially evident in 0.5-1.0 kHz in slow decompression group and were induced by barotrauma. In the fast decompression group, the hearing impairment in 0.5-1.0 kHz range was more prominent than that in the 2-8kHz. The hearing thresholds of the 3 guinea pigs having vestibular symptoms (nystagmus, rotatory movement of the body) were elevated in the 0.5-8.0 kHz range. The vestibular symptoms and the elevation of hearing threshold of these 3 guinea pigs were induced by inner ear decompression sickness. The middle ears showed bleeding, effusion and cell infiltration. Ultrastructural changes were derangement and lodging of stereocilia of hair cells and changes of organelle.
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PMID:[Simulated diving tests in guinea pigs]. 236 80

A 28-year-old female diver presented with dizziness and difficulty clearing her left ear whilst scuba diving. Her pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were normal. Testing of Eustachian tube function revealed tubal stenosis. Video-oculography revealed a predominantly torsional nystagmus while the patient was in the lordotic position. Fistula signs were positive. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone revealed a diagnosis of bilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCDS). Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) testing showed that the amplitude of the cVEMP measured from her left ear was larger than that from the right. In electronystagmography (ENG), nose-pinched Valsalva manoeuvres caused eye movements to be mainly directed counterclockwise with a vertical component. Tullio phenomenon was also positive for both ears. SCDS patients tend to be misdiagnosed and misunderstood; common misdiagnoses in these cases are alternobaric vertigo (AV), inner ear barotrauma, and inner-ear decompression sickness. It is difficult to diagnose vertigo attacks after scuba diving as SCDS; however, when the patient develops sound- and/or pressure-induced vertical-torsional nystagmus, HRCT should be conducted to confirm a diagnosis of SCDS.
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PMID:Superior canal dehiscence syndrome associated with scuba diving. 2864 25