Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028738 (nystagmus)
 7,431 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contact lenses for children are used to correct a variety of conditions. This paper reviews fitting of soft, silicone elastimer, and rigid gas-permeable contact lenses for therapeutic treatment of aphakia, anisometropia, myopia, hyperopia, esotropia, irregular astigmatism, and nystagmus. Cosmetic custom designs are described for the treatment of aniridia, albinism, amblyopia, and corneal disfigurement. Working with children and gaining their trust requires inventiveness and patience. Prescribing contact lenses for them requires developing good cooperation between the child, the parents, and the practitioner. The rewards of contact lenses wear for the appropriate pediatric patients include improving not only their vision but also their quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Contact lenses for children. 883 28

Patients with congenital nystagmus (CN) often have associated conditions (e.g., strabismus, high astigmatism, and binocular inefficiency) that also impair visual acuity. Unfortunately, individually used techniques directed at reducing nystagmus have generally produced only slight increases in Snellen acuity. We present case reports of six patients with nystagmus seen in our clinic (University of Houston, College of Optometry) to illustrate the use of problem-specific management to improve visual acuity and/or binocular function. The results suggest that a comprehensive management strategy should include treatment of all associated conditions as well as therapy to improve the characteristics of the nystagmus wave form.
 ...
PMID:Multifaceted treatment of congenital nystagmus: a report of 6 cases. 892 12

Trisomy 8 mosaicism can present with a varied clinical picture. A significant number of cases have ocular manifestations. The most commonly reported in the literature have been corneal abnormalities and strabismus. We present a case of trisomy 8 mosaic syndrome with very different ophthalmic manifestations, some of which are previously unreported in the literature. The patient who was known to have trisomy 8 mosaic syndrome was referred with concerns about his visual abilities. He had a characteristic facial dysmorphism and other systemic features associated with this condition. Ophthalmic features included bilateral Duane's syndrome, bilateral myopic astigmatism, congenital pendular nystagmus, and macula hypoplasia. Electrodiagnostic tests confirmed extensive abnormality of cone function in both eyes. This case is discussed in relation to a review of the literature.
 ...
PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of trisomy 8 mosaic syndrome. 969 89

Ophthalmologic nystagmus can be congenital and manifest/latent both of whose waveforms, compensatory mechanisms, and treatment are different. Physiologically, latent nystagmus may be reversed at will, whereas nystagmus and head nodding may be simultaneously triggered at will. Occasional oscillopsia is more frequent than is usually believed; extraretinal signals may be a reason for their absence in congenital nystagmus. Astigmatism could be the consequence of nystagmus, myopia is present in most of the cases of congenital nystagmus with blocking convergence, whereas depth-of-focus anomalies are probably due to the presence of nystagmus during its critical period of development. As for treatment, botulinum toxin injection, because of its temporary effect, is not used to treat nystagmus but to help in decision-making for surgery. Four large horizontal recti recession is the last-resort surgery which may be combined with other surgical procedures and can give unexpected results. Artificial divergence surgery by contrast is one of the most valuable procedures used in congenital nystagmus.
 ...
PMID:Nystagmus. 1015 Aug 10

In the past year a number of studies have provided insights into the mechanisms whereby the eye can maintain coordinated growth to achieve emmetropia. Research into factors that may lead to a failure to emmetropize also has been promising. The effect of early spectacle intervention has been debated, with some evidence from animal studies suggesting that lenses may interfere with emmetropization. Human data on this topic are limited but do not appear to show the deleterious effects of lenses reported in the animal studies. The role of early astigmatism in the emmetropization process is not clear. Myopia research continues to hold promise for the eventual discovery of treatments to slow progression. With respect to the development of strabismus, there are many mechanisms for its induction. The problem is to identify the primary ones and their interactions. This article reviews some of the newer candidates, including pulleys that affect extraocular-muscle action and the role of nasally biased monocular optokinetic nystagmus. An understanding of the critical periods of the various visual dimensions involved in the development of strabismus is also crucial.
 ...
PMID:Development of refraction and strabismus. 1038 78

Three brothers, with the macular coloboma type Leber's congenital amaurosis aged 10, 8, and 6 years respectively, are described in this report. Only the two elder brothers were symptomatic while the third patient had no complaint at the time of diagnosis. The patients had no associated systemic or ocular disorders, including nystagmus. They had mild myopic astigmatism. All three had a relatively well-circumscribed bilateral macular atrophy with a seemingly normal peripheral retina. The electroretinogram was non recordable but the visualy evoked potential responses were within normal limits. During three years of follow-up, the macular lesions did not progress and the visual acuity did not deteriorate further. Our experience with these three familial cases supports the general view that the macular coloboma variant does not necessarily have the typical signs and symptoms and perhaps also the dismal prognosis of classic Leber's congenital amaurosis, and as such should stand as a distinct subtype of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Macular coloboma type Leber's congenital amaurosis]. 1196 22

We compared retrospectively the distribution of refractive errors in a sample of adolescent and adult albinos (n = 19) with that in persons with idiopathic congenital nystagmus (CN) (n = 46), whose eye movements are similar to those of albinos but whose visual acuity is better. The distribution of spherical-equivalent refractive errors is more broadly distributed and slightly less myopic in albinos than in persons with idiopathic CN. On average, albinos also have more astigmatism (primarily with-the-rule), than persons with idiopathic CN. Unlike the leptokurtic distribution of refractive error that characterizes the normal adolescent and adult population, the distributions of refractive error for albinos and for persons with idiopathic CN exhibit no significant kurtosis. Moreover, neither group of subjects exhibits significant kurtosis for refractive errors in the vertical meridian, which corresponds to the retinal-image orientation with the least motion smear during horizontal nystagmus. The absence of significant leptokurtosis in the refractive-error distributions of young-adult albinos and persons with idiopathic CN suggests that the presence of nystagmus may interfere with normal refractive development.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of refractive errors in albinos and persons with idiopathic congenital nystagmus. 1203 86

The refraction condition was analyzed in 670 impaired-vision schoolchildren with various ophthalmic pathologies. Refraction defects were diagnosed in 98.9% of cases. Myopic refraction was detected in 48.9% of cases, while hypermetropic refraction was found in 50.0% of cases. Astigmatism was observed in 97.8% of cases; in 38.6%, it exceeded 2.0 diopters, which was mainly encountered at the retinopathy of prematurely newborns, albinism and congenital myopia. Compound astigmatism was detected in 83.5% of cases and mixed astigmatism was present in 8.3% of cases; the latter was more frequent diagnosed in persons with albinism and with abnormal development of the eyeball. Regular astigmatism was found in 78 > 8 of the examinees, inversed astigmatism was found in 11.0% of cases and squint astigmatism was detected in 10.2% of cases, the last mentioned type was more often found at the retinopathy of prematurely newborns, abnormal development of the eyes and at postoperative aphakia. Anisometry exceeded 2.0 diopters in 21.8% of cases; a high anisometry was more frequent at the retinopathy of prematurely newborns, congenital myopia and aphakia. 7.6% of schoolchildren lacked the subject-vision in the second eye. Nystagmus was registered in 46.4% of children. The spectacle vision correction was found to be effective in 94.8% of cases, however, the severe refractive defects belong to the unfavorable factors for an optimal spectacle vision correction or for creating a full-value binocular vision image. Groups were specified, which are more favorable and more complicated for the spectacle correction of impaired vision. The use of modern contact lenses in the correction of high-degree ametropia, astygmatigmus and anisometry can be of an effective assistance in expanding the indications for a rational optic correction in impaired-vision children.
 ...
PMID:[The state of refraction in children with ophthalmic diseases of the disabling form]. 1367 3

Abnormal head position is a compensatory condition which improves patients' vision. It can be caused by ophthalmological problems such as oculomotor imbalances (strabismus, nystagmus) and high astigmatism. However, it results in esthetic impairment, orthopedic trouble and facial asymmetries. We describe a case of a girl, JL, 8 years, with abnormal head position tilted to the left since the last glasses were prescribed. The correction used by the patient was: right eye = +2.00 sph diopter -5.5 cyl 180 degrees and left eye = +2.25 sph diopter -5.75 cyl 180 degrees. In tilted position, the correct visual acuity was: right eye 6/12 and left eye 6/9. No deviations were noted by the cover test and the remaining ophthalmological examination was completely normal. Retinoscopy under cycloplegia and subjective test showed right eye = +3.50 sph diopter -6.00 cyl 10 degrees; and left eye = +3.50 sph diopter -6.00 cyl 170 degrees, with visual acuity 6/6 in both eyes. With adequate prescription, the head position was normalized. Wrong cylindrical positions for correction of high astigmatism may cause abnormal head position. Retinoscopy under cycloplegia and subjective test are essential for precise diagnoses and prescriptions.
 ...
PMID:[Abnormal head position caused by incorrect prescription for astigmatism: case report]. 1632 71

Down's syndrome is the commonest cause of mental retardation worldwide. In Nigeria, persons with Down's syndrome remain largely stigmatised and neglected. There is a dearth of literature on the ocular health status of Nigerian subjects with Down's syndrome. To determine the ocular health status of Nigerian subjects with Down's syndrome in 4 special schools in Benin City, Nigeria, one hundred and forty four subjects with Down's syndrome had external ocular examination, visual acuity testing and Ophthalmoscopy in a school setting. Majority of the subjects had poor visual acuity of 6/18 or worse (59.0%), in at least one eye. There was a high incidence of refractive errors. Hyperopia was present in 29.2% of subjects; Astigmatism 22.2%; Myopia 6.3%; Strabismus 18.1%; Nystagmus 4.2% and cataracts in 2.8%. Liberal early use of corrective lenses is advocated in persons with Down's syndrome. Community based enlightenment programmes to encourage parents of children with Down's syndrome to bring their children for ocular examination early, preferably in infancy, and to enrol the children in a continuous ocular screening programme need be put in place. This will go a long way in improving their intellectual abilities, quality of life and life expectancy.
 ...
PMID:Ocular health status of subjects with Down's syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria. 1731 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>