Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of combined partial mole and neural tube defect is presented. The detection of high levels of both maternal serum (MS) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) during the second trimester led to the ultrasonic demonstration of anencephaly, omphalocele, and partial mole. This is the first report of combined elevation of MSAFP and MShCG.
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PMID:High levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophins leading to the diagnosis of combined neural tube defect and partial mole. 137 90

Fetal triploidy is commonly found in early pregnancy. The majority of these pregnancies spontaneously abort in the first trimester. Occasionally, the pregnancy progresses to the second and third trimesters. We reviewed the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), fetal pathology, and placental pathology in sex second-trimester pregnancies complicated by fetal triploidy. Four of these patients had MSAFP values greater than 7.5 multiples of the median (MoM). Five of six pregnancies had MSAFP values greater than 2.25 MoM. All five of these patients had a partial mole. Four patients had amniotic fluid AFP values greater than 2.0 MoM. Two fetuses had associated neural tube defects. These were the only patients with positive amniotic fluid ACHE. None of the other patients had fetuses with anomalies that are known to be associated with an elevated MSAFP. The elevated MSAFP appeared to be related to the presence of a partial mole. Two of the five cases with an MSAFP greater than 2.25 MoM did not have sonographic evidence of a significant anomaly. Therefore, karyotyping can be of benefit in evaluating patients with elevated MSAFP.
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PMID:Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and fetal triploidy. 248 May 90

1. Pig alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin were isolated from fetal serum by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography combined with Cibacron Blue-Sepharose and trypsin-Sepharose adsorptions. 2. AFP, fetal albumin and adult albumin carried 2.6, 2.4, and 1.9 moles of fatty acids per mole of protein, respectively. 3. Most of fatty acids bound to AFP were polyunsaturated: mainly arachidonic (20:4, n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6, n-3) acids, which accounted respectively for 21.7 and 18.8% of the total fatty acids. 4. By contrast, the fatty acids found in the albumins (fetal and adult) were preferentially saturated and monounsaturated. 5. Arachidonic acid was a minor component in both albumins, and no docosahexaenoic acid was detected.
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PMID:Long-chain fatty acids bound to alpha-fetoprotein and to serum albumin from fetal and adult pig. 618 69

For its selective accumulation into tumor cells, the antitumor drug adriamycin (ADM) was attached to specific antibodies reactive against alpha-fetoprotein, a carcinoembryonic protein, and the antibody and antitumor activities of the resulting conjugate were investigated. Using the glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide binding methods, preparations containing 4-5 moles of ADM per mole of antibody were obtained. They retained 60-75% of the original antibody activity. Upon incubation of AH-66 ascites hepatoma cells with the conjugates, an increased number of dead cells and inhibited uptake of 3H-thymidine by the cells were observed. The conjugates were more effective against tumor cells than the free drug, and it was further presumed that the cytotoxic action of ADM on normal cells could be reduced by binding it to a macromolecular protein.
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PMID:[Preparation of conjugates of adriamycin with antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein and their properties]. 620 99

Second trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), unconjugated estiol (uE3), and inhibin-A (INH-A) levels were evaluated in pregnancies complicated by triploidy. In addition to seven new triploid pregnancies, the results for 67 published cases were reviewed. All cases appear to fall into two major groups. First, those identifiable as screen-positive for both Down syndrome and an open neural tube defect (ONTD) with elevated MS-AFP, grossly elevated hCG, low/normal uE3, and probably elevated INH-A. Pregnancies in the second group are identifiable as screen-positive for trisomy 18 with low/normal MS-AFP, and very low hCG, uE3 and INH-A. Triploid pregnancies with high maternal serum hCG nearly always show a placenta with partial mole (25/27 or 93%), a high frequency of ONTDs or ventral wall defects (VWDs) (8/28 or 29%) and have either an XXX or XXY karyotype (observed ratio 6:10, respectively). Low hCG is infrequently associated with a molar placenta (1/11 or 9%), does not appear to be associated with ONTDs or VWDs (0/29 or 0%), and shows an excess of XXX over XXY karyotypes (observed ratio 17:2). There were 16 cases with either a molar placenta, an ONTD or a VWD that received the MS-AFP and hCG tests. All 16 were screen-positive for an ONTD (MS-AFP> or =2 multiples of the median). In addition, all 31 cases that received MS-AFP, hCG, uE3 (and where available INH-A) were screen-positive for either Down syndrome or trisomy 18. The findings are discussed in the context of expected differences between digynic and diandric triploidy. It is suggested that the sex chromosome complement in triploidy is an important factor in determining risk for partial mole development and in utero survival.
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PMID:Second trimester maternal serum analytes in triploid pregnancies: correlation with phenotype and sex chromosome complement. 1153 71

UFT is an anti-cancer drug which combines uracil with tegafur at a mole rate of 1:4, and shows a high anti-tumor effect by raising the 5-FU level in a tumor. A 55-year-old man with hypochondriac pain was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital. The preoperative diagnosis was giant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the right hepatic anterior region, and extended anterior segmentectomy of the liver was performed. Three months later, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA-II were elevated markedly, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a recurrence in the remnant liver and multiple lung metastasis. Chemotherapy with oral UFT (300 mg/day) administration alone was started for the unresectable HCC. Three months later, CT and MRI showed complete disappearance of the recurrent HCC and multiple lung metastasis. Also, the titers of AFP and PIVKA-II were reduced to normal levels. This case suggests that oral UFT administration is a safe and effective therapy for postoperative HCC, even with lung metastasis.
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PMID:[Complete disappearance with oral UFT administration of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma of the remnant liver and multiple lung metastasis after hepatic resection]. 1451 15

Glypican-3 (GPC3) mRNA and protein are expressed in >80% of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) but not in normal tissues except for placenta and fetal liver. The oncofetal antigen GPC3 is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protein and may be secreted. It is a novel tumor marker for human HCC: GPC3 protein was present in sera from 40-50% of HCC patients, but was not detected in sera from patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, or in sera from healthy individuals. alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II), are well known major tumor markers for HCC. Generally, AFP shows high positivity for HCC but also high false-positivity in detection assays. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a recently described marker of HCC. Detection of AFP-L3 shows a much higher specificity than AFP, but a lower sensitivity. On the other hand, detection of PIVKA-II shows a lower false-positivity, but is not always sensitive enough to detect low levels secreted by small HCCs. There was no correlation between the three tumor markers, AFP, PIVKA-II, and GPC3 in terms of their presence in HCC cells. All three tumor markers showed similar positivity in patients with HCC, detecting 80% of patients with the disease. GPC3 is also a novel tumor marker for the diagnosis of human melanoma, especially in the early stages of the disease. Expression of GPC3 mRNA and protein was evident in tumor cells from >80% of patients with melanoma and melanocytic nevus, which is a common benign lesion. GPC3 protein was detected in sera from 40% (36/91) of melanoma patients, but not in sera from those with large congenital melanocytic nevus, or from healthy donors. Surprisingly, we detected serum GPC3 even in patients with stage 0, in situ melanoma. The positive detection rate of serum GPC3 at stage 0, I, and II (44.4%, 40.0%, 47.6%, respectively) was significantly higher than that of 5-S-cysteinyldopa, a well known tumor marker for melanoma (0.0%, 8.0%, and 10.0%, respectively). Interestingly, GPC3 was highly immunogenic in mice and elicited effective anti-tumor immunity with no evidence of autoimmunity. Thus, GPC3 is useful for diagnosis of HCC and melanoma and may also have a role in immunotherapy or tumor prevention. However, studies in humans are warranted.
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PMID:Usefulness of the novel oncofetal antigen glypican-3 for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. 1580 27

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign placental abnormality. It is characterized by hydropic degeneration of stem villi, placentomegaly, and increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It can be associated with different congenital abnormalities, karyotype abnormalities, and feto-maternal morbidities. It is difficult to differentiate PMDfrom partial mole, complete mole with twin pregnancy in ultrasound, and in macroscopic examination. The current paper presentsa rare case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia in a young primigravida mother who delivered a normal fetus withnormal karyotype.
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PMID:Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia With Normal Fetus: A Rare Case Report. 2953 60