Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently it has been suggested that proto-oncogene plays a role not only in cellular proliferation, development and differentiation, but also in neoplastic transformation. We now show the expression and its localization of c-myc, c-fms and c-sis proto-oncogenes in human developing chorionic tissue and fresh surgical specimens of mole and choriocarcinoma with the method of Northern blotting and In-situ hybridization. The 2.4kb c-myc transcript has been localized to the cytotrophoblast in early placenta and also localized to the C and S typed trophoblastic cells in mole and choriocarcinoma. The 4.0kb c-fms transcript has been localized to the syncytiotrophoblast, especially the highly differentiated syncytiotrophoblast in the second and third trimesters and S typed trophoblastic cells in mole and choriocarcinoma. Moreover, the 4.0kb c-sis transcript has been localized to the cytotrophoblast in early placenta, but not detected in mole or choriocarcinoma. First, these results suggest that the stage and site specific expression of c-myc, c-fms and c-sis proto-oncogenes are clearly related to the proliferation, development and differentiation of normal trophoblastic cells. Second, the expression of c-myc, c-fms proto-oncogenes may be of particular importance in the tumorigenesis and progression of trophoblastic disease.
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PMID:[The expression of c-myc, c-fms, c-sis oncogenes in the trophoblast of normal pregnancy and trophoblastic disease]. 285 Mar 28

Regulatory or structural alterations of c-onc genes including amplification, rearrangement and point mutation was implicated in the causation of various malignant tumors. However, such changes of molecular levels have not been reported so far in choriocarcinoma cells. In the present study, thus, 5 choriocarcinoma cell lines were analyzed by hybridization using 16 oncogene probes. By Southern blot hybridization of DNA extracted from these cells, 8 fold amplification of c-myc gene and rearrangement of c-fms gene were shown in ENAMI cells, although the role of these alterations remained unknown. Northern blot hybridization performed simultaneously demonstrated multiple expression of c-onc genes. 4 choriocarcinoma cell lines (HCCM, CHl, CCl, ENAMI) expressed at least 11 c-onc genes (H-ras, K-ras, N-ras, c-myc, N-myc, fos, fms, src, yes, erb B and raf); though the degree of expression of H-ras, C-myc, erb B and fms in these cells was either similar or enhanced as compared with normal fibroblast, the expression of two c-onc genes (N-myc and fos) was extremely enhanced. However, expression of K-ras and myb was either low or not detected. The multiple expression of c-onc genes seems to reflect partly on growth advantages of trophoblast. Transfection assay using NIH3T3 cells failed to form any transformed foci. Since choriocarcinoma cells which derived from the transformation of trophoblast of complete mole possess the genetic characteristics identical to the one of cells of complete mole, chromosomal instability was assumed to play a major role for multiple oncogene expression in choriocarcinoma cells.
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PMID:[Analysis of c-onc genes in choriocarcinoma cells]. 369 32

Most low-molecular-weight drugs are short-lived species in the circulatory system, being rapidly eliminated by glomerular filtration in the kidney. However, binding to human serum albumin (HSA) can slow clearance and prolong lifetime profile in vivo. In this study, we have engineered a gentamicin derivative with affinity to albumin by linking three (2-sulfo)-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMS) to three amino groups of gentamicin C(1). FMS(3)-gentamicin associates with HSA with a K(a) value of (1.31 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M(-1). It has less than 1% the antibacterial potency of native gentamicin. Upon incubation at pH 8.5 and 37 degrees C, the FMS moieties from FMS(3)-gentamicin undergo slow hydrolysis (t(1/2) = 8.0 +/- 0.2 h), leading to a linear regeneration of the antibacterial potency with a t(1/2) value of 11 +/- 0.7 h. FMS(3)-gentamicin is a long-lived species in the rat circulatory system. Following a single subcutaneous or intravenous administration, it maintains a prolonged pharmacokinetic profile with a peak and a "through" concentration of immuno/antibacterial active gentamicin exceeding 4-5 times the duration obtained by administered native gentamicin. To sum up, an approach aimed at elongating the lifetime of low-molecular-weight drugs in vivo has been examined here with gentamicin. Two to three FMS per mole of compound are to be introduced to obtain an albumin associating affinity of K(d) = 7.6-9.2 microM and, hence, to significantly extend the drug's lifetime in situ following administration. By use of this technology, the loss of pharmacological potency with derivatization is of no consequence, since FMS moieties are hydrolyzed and activity is generated at physiological conditions.
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PMID:N-[(2-Sulfo)-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl](3)-gentamicin C(1) is a long-acting prodrug derivative. 1221 67

In order to study the development of the delivery device of long-acting local anaesthetics for post-operative analgesia and control of chronic pain of cancer patient, fentanyl loaded poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, molecular weight; 5000, 8000, 20,000, and 33,000 g/mole) microspheres (FMS) were studied. FMS were prepared by an emulsion solvent-evaporation method. The influence of several preparation parameters such as initial drug loading, PLGA concentrations, emulsifier concentrations, oil phase volume and mole ratio and molecular weight has been investigated on the fentanyl release patterns. Generally, the drug showed the biphasic release patterns, with an initial diffusion followed by a lag period before the onset of the degradation phase, but there were no lag times in the device. Fentanyl was slowly released from FMS over 10 days in vitro, with a quasi-zero order property. The release rate increased with increasing drug loading as well as increasing polymer concentration with a relatively small initial burst effect. From the results, FMS may be a good formulation to deliver the anaesthesia for the treatment of chronic pain.
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PMID:Study on in vitro release patterns of fentanyl-loaded PLGA microspheres. 1290 42

A simulation technique enabling calibration-free measurements of gas properties (e.g., temperature, mole fraction) and lineshapes via wavelength- or frequency-modulation spectroscopy (WMS or FMS) is presented. Unlike previously developed models, this simulation technique accurately accounts for (1) absorption and dispersion physics and (2) variations in the WMS/FMS harmonic signals, which can result from intensity tuning induced by scanning the laser's carrier frequency [e.g., via injection-current tuning of tunable diode lasers (TDLs)]. As a result, this approach is applicable to both WMS and FMS experiments employing a wide variety of light sources and any modulation frequency [typically kilohertz (kHz) to gigahertz (GHz)]. The accuracy of the simulation technique is validated via comparison with (1) simulated signals produced by established WMS and FMS models under conditions where they are accurate and (2) experimental data acquired under conditions where existing models are inaccurate. Under conditions where existing WMS and FMS models are accurate, this simulation technique yields nearly identical (within 0.1%) results. For experimental validation, the wavelength of a TDL emitting near 1392 nm was scanned across a single absorption line of H2O with a half-width at half-maximum of 350 MHz while frequency modulation was performed at 100 MHz. The best-fit first-harmonic (1f) signal produced by this simulation technique agrees within 1.6% of the measured 1f signal, and the H2O mole fraction and transition collisional width corresponding to the best-fit 1f spectrum agree within 1% of expected values.
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PMID:Simulation technique enabling calibration-free frequency-modulation spectroscopy measurements of gas conditions and lineshapes with modulation frequencies spanning kHz to GHz. 3222 8