Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Fe-SOD were isolated from Methylomonas J, an aerobic methylotrophic bacterium, grown in methylamine media containing either manganese (Mn-rich medium) or iron (Fe-rich medium), respectively. The specific activity of the Mn-SOD was 2250 units mg-1 (mol of Mn)-1 (mol of dimer)-1, and the metal content of the enzyme was 0.98 mol of Mn and 0.12 mol of Fe per mole of dimer, while those of Fe-SOD were 88.5 units mg-1 (mol of Fe)-1 (mol of dimer)-1 and 1.04 mol of Fe and 0.02 mol of Mn. The electrophoretic mobilities in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, with or without urea, and the chromatographic behavior on an HPLC column using an octadodecyl silicated column and a gel permeation column were identical. Amino acid compositions were practically indistinguishable in both SODs. The enzyme activity was restored by dialysis of an apoprotein obtained from the Mn-enzyme with either manganese sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate up to an activity level similar to that for the native Mn-SOD and the native Fe-SOD, respectively. The same result has been reported with the reconstitution using an apoprotein obtained from the Fe-enzyme [Yamakura, F., Matsumoto, T., & Terauchi, K. (1990) Free Radical Res. Commun. (in press)]. These results suggest the possibility that both types of SODs are composed of a single apoprotein synthesized in cells grown in either the Fe-rich medium or the Mn-rich medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases from Methylomonas J: identity of the protein moiety and amino acid sequence. 184 99

The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in Azotobacter vinelandii, Citrobacter freundii, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Thiocapsa roseopersicina and Spirulina platensis is far higher when the cultures are grown under the aerobic conditions. The activities of SOD and catalase are higher in R. capsulata cells cultivated in a medium with glucose in the dark under the aerobic conditions than in cells grown under the same conditions but in the light. R. capsulata grown in a medium with glucose and T. roseopersicina cultivated in a medium with formate or pyruvate had higher activities of SOD and catalase than R. capsulata grown in a medium with acetate and T. roseopersicina cultivated in a medium with glucose. Irrespective of the growth conditions, the highest activity of SOD was manifested by C. freundii while that of catalase by A. vinelandii 1. C. freundii and T. roseopersicina contained both Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD whereas A. vinelandii and Rh. capsulata contained only Mn-SOD. The SOD from R. capsulata was purified to a homogeneous state. Its molecular weight is about 40,000 and it contains 1 Mn mole per mole of the enzyme.
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PMID:[Effect of oxygen and substrates for growth on the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of microorganisms]. 680 10

The naked mole rat (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) is the longest-living rodent known [maximum lifespan potential (MLSP): >28 yr] and is a unique model of successful aging showing attenuated declines in most physiological function. This study addresses age-related changes in endothelial function and production of reactive oxygen species in NMR arteries and vessels of shorter-living Fischer 344 rats (MLSP: approximately 3 yr). Rats exhibit a significant age-dependent decline in acetylcholine-induced responses in carotid arteries over a 2-yr age range. In contrast, over a 10-yr age range nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation responses to acetylcholine and to the NO donor S-nitrosopencillamine (SNAP) were unaltered in NMRs. Cellular superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)) and H(2)O(2) production significantly increased with age in rat arteries, whereas they did not change substantially with age in NMR vessels. Indicators of apoptotic cell death (DNA fragmentation rate, caspase 3/7 activity) were significantly enhanced ( approximately 250-300%) in arteries of 2-yr-old rats. In contrast, vessels from 12-yr-old NMRs exhibited only a approximately 50% increase in apoptotic cell death. In the hearts of NMRs (2 to 26 yr old), expression of endothelial NO synthase, antioxidant enzymes (Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit gp91(phox), and mitochondrial proteins (COX-IV, ATP synthase, and porin, an indicator of mitochondrial mass) did not change significantly with age. Thus long-living NMRs can maintain a youthful vascular function and cellular oxidant-antioxidant phenotype relatively longer and are better protected against aging-induced oxidative stress than shorter-living rats.
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PMID:Vascular aging in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole rat. 1746 32