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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 14 patients with unaborted hydatidiform mole and in 16 patients with normal pregnancy of similar gestational age. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by the radioreceptor assay in patients with hydatidiform mole. Serum T ranged from 0.27 to 5.39 ng/ml with a mean +/- SE of 2.21 +/- 0.45 ng/ml in patients with hydatidiform mole mole and from 0.20 to 2.40 ng/ml with a mean +/- SE of 0.80 +/- 0.14 ng/ml in patients with normal pregnancy, the difference being statistically significant (P = less than 0.005). Similarly, patients with molar pregnancies had a significantly higher (P = less than 0.005) serum DHT (range: 0.09 to 0.62 ng/ml; mean +/- SE: 0.29 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) than patients with normal pregnancies (range: 0.04 to 0.28 ng/ml; mean +/- SE 0.12 +/- 0.02 ng/ml). There was no significant correlation between uterine size or serum hCG and serum T or DHT. The possible sources of the elevated serum T and DHT and the lack of hirsutism or virilization in patients with trophoblastic disease are discussed.
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PMID:Serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in patients with trophoblastic disease. 18 Apr 65

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by a radioreceptorassay (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) and serum hCG-beta and hCG-alpha by RIA in 10 patients with intact mole, 3 patients with choriocarcinoma, and 4 patients with hydatidiform mole during treatment. hCG levels by RRA were higher in 5 of 10 molar pregnancies and ranged from 20,900 to 100,000 ng/ml and from 30,000 to 100,000 ng/ml by RIA. hCG levels by RRA and RIA paralleled one another closely during treatment of hydatidiform mole. hCG-alpha was higher than hCG by RRA and RIA and hCG-beta in molar pregnancies, in the uterine venous blood draining a uterine choriocarcinoma, and during chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma. In 2 of 3 choriocarcinoma patients who eventually developed cerebral metastases, hCG-alpha increased while hCG and hCG-beta were declining or negative. hCG-beta was usually lower than hCG or hCG-alpha in all the cases studied. These results demonstrate the production of free alpha and beta subunits in trophoblastic disease. Further, due to the biospecificity, simplicity, and rapidity, the RRA of hCG is a sueful diagnostic aid during treatment of trophoblastic neoplasia until the levels fall to within the sensitivity range of the assay. Finally, the RIA of hCG, hCG-beta, and hCG-alpha, which requires several days, should be performed until they become negative or fall within normal range.
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PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. 19 42

Thirty-five patients with nometastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms and 3 patients with metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms were treated primarily with methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. The antecedent pregnancy was molar in all patients. The known histologic diagnosis in 34 patients was hydatdiform mole and choriocarcinoma in 3. Up to March 1977, the duration of remissions ranged from 1 to 21 months. Complete and sustained remission was achieved in 91% of patients with nonmetastatic disease and in 2 of the 3 patients with metastases, without evidence of marrow or hepatic and with substantially reduced epithelial toxicity. Response to treatment and the number of courses required to achieve remission were determined solely on the basis of the human chorionic gonadotropin response as measured by the beta subunit radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. 20 93

The effect of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level on gonadotropin response to a single intravenous injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) or conjugated estrogen (Premarin) was investigated in patients after abortion of a hydatidiform mole. 17 women (aged 23-29 years) with an aborted mole without theca lutein cyst were examined until 5 months after molar abortion. Response to gonadotropin was little at a hCG level of 100 mIU/ml or more, but the response of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH-RH was restored to normal when the serum hCG level decreased to below 100 mIU/ml. A normal response of LH to conjugated estrogens was observed at a serum hCG level of 20 mIU/ml or less. Apparently, a high level of hCG interferes with pituitary gonadotropin secretion. The threshold hCG levels for normal responses of gonadotropins to LH-RH and estrogens are 100 and 20 mIU/ml, respectively. The secretion of gonadotropins was restored even in the presence of low hCG with either LH-RH or conjugated estrogen induction.
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PMID:Restoration of the gonadotrophin response to LH-RH and oestrogen administration in patients after molar abortion. 22

Various aspects of thyroid hormone economy were examined in 15 patients with molar pregnancy and in 5 patients with choriocarcinoma. None of the patients with molar pregnancy was clinically thyrotoxic, though serum thyroxine (T4) was increased in 13 and free T4 concentrations were above normal in four of ten in whom measurements were made. In 2 patients with elevated serum T4 levels and in one patient with normal serum T4 levels, the daily rate of T4 disposal was increase, and most of 131I derived from 131I-T4 was excreted into urine in two patients in whom estimation of urinary excretion was made. Serum total triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations closely paralleled those of serum T4, but T3/T4 ratios were lower than those previously found in patients with toxic diffuse goiter of Graves' disease. Unresponsiveness to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was observed in 5 patients with molar pregnancy whose serum total T4 and T3 levels were increased. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations in serum ranged from 0.5 to 2830 IU/ml and were less than 200 IU/ml in 36% of the patients, possibly because molar pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography, rather than high titers of urinary or serum hCG. Serum thyroid stimulating activity measured by the McKenzie bioassay closely paralleled values for hCG (r:+0.94). All thyroid abnormalities disappeared quickly after removal of the mole. In choriocarcinoma, no abnormality of thyroid function was found. These results suggest that: 1) some patients with molar pregnancy display a marked elevation of serum T4, T3, and free T4 concentrations, probably as a result of the action of a thyroid stimulator which is closely related to serum hCG or may be hCG itself; 2) T4 production rates are increased in these patients, and the pituitary responds to TRH in a manner similar to that found in thyrotoxicosis. Despite this, frank clinical thyrotoxicosis is usually absent, possibly because of relatively low serum T3/T4 ratios, possibly because of the limited duration of thyroid hyperfunction, and possibly because of other factors that for the present remain unknown.
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PMID:Thyroid function in molar pregnancy. 40 78

The concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its free immunoreactive alpha-subunit (hCG-alpha) in the sera of patients with trophoblastic diseases were measured by hCG and hCG-alpha radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. In the sera of 12 women with hydatidiform mole large amounts of hCG and considerably high level of hCG-alpha were detected in all cases. After the evacuation of mole the serum level of these glycoproteins decreased, the leve of hCG-alpha declined more rapidly than hcg. in the sera of patients with destructive mole the concentration of hCG-alpha was usually lower than that of hCG. After hysterectomy and chemotherapy the levels of hCG-alpha declined practically paralleling that of hCG. However, when hCG had decreased to undetectable level, hCG-alpha could no longer be detected in all cases. Although in the serum of patient with choriocarcinoma involving the uterus and lungs the concentration of hCG-alpha was almost as high as that of hCG, the secretory pattern of hCG and hCG-alpha might not be closely related. The changes in the serum level of free hCG-alpha as well as that of hCG parelled the clinical course of the patients examined in this study. The present results suggest that measurements of the serum free hCG-alpha may be a useful parameter to follow the clinical course and to evaluate the efficacy of treatments of trophoblastic diseases.
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PMID:The clinical evaluation of the simultaneous measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its alpha-subunit in sera of patients with trophoblastic diseases. 52 60

Cytogenetic and morphologic analysis of 23 hydatidiform moles allowed the division into at least two syndromes: (1) the syndrome of complete (classical) mole is without an ascertainable embryo/fetus, gives a diploid karyotype, and manifests a progressive fluid engorgement of the villi as well as a gross, haphazardly distributed trophoblastic hyperplasia; (2) the syndrome of partial (incomplete) mole has an ascertainable fetus (alive or dead), gives a triploid karyotype, and exhibits a slowly progressing hydatidiform swelling in the presence of functioning villous capillaries that spares many villi; trophoblastic immaturity is constant and focal hyperplasia is inconspicuous but present. A single case of diploid mole with unusual morphologic features, complete with a fetus, may herald yet another syndrome. Human chorionic gonadotropin levels were initially high in practically all cases. There was no malignant trophoblastic disease in this small series, but a plea is made that partial moles be followed carefully in order to establish their relation to choriocarcinoma.
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PMID:The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. I. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlations. 68 53

The effects of active immunization with a progesterone protein conjugate on plasma progesterone levels in rabbits injected with a luteinizing dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were determined. Mature female New Zealand rabbits were used. As antigen, a hemisuccinate of llalpha-hydroxyprogesterone was linked with bovine serum ablumin using the acetic anhydride method. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that 24 moles of the hemisuccinate were linked with each mole of the protein. The conjugate was lyophilizied and stored at 4 degrees C. For immunization, an emulsion was prepared using equal volumes of Freund's complete adjuvant and .15 m NaCl solution of the immunogen. 7 rabbits received intradermal injections and 7 received weekly sc injections for 6 weeks. Sera were collected weekly for 6 weeks. Animals with high levels of antibody production were given iv injections of 1 mg of conjugate to boost antibody titers. Pseudopregnancy was induced in 14 rabbits by iv injection of 100 IU HCG. 5 weeks after the immunization schedule was finished animals were made pseudopregnant again and daily plasma progesterone was determined. Increased levels of antibodies to progesterone were found in all immunized animals but not in controls. Plasma progesterone levels in treated animals increased to a peak on Day 9 of pseudopregnancy. On Days 0 through 10, 17, and 18 progesterone values in immunized animals were significantly (p less than .05) higher than those of controls. It is concluded that immunization of rabbits by this method lead to abnormally high levels of peripheral progesterone in pseudopregnancy. I n a subsequent study it was found that despite the high plasma progesterone concentration produced in immunized animals, these females could be successfully mated.
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PMID:Plasma levels of progesterone in pseudopregnant rabbits actively immunized with a progesterone-protein conjugate. 96 58

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) self-associates to form higher molecular weight species in the presence of the fluorescence probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS). Sedimentation equilibrium and fluorescence titration data have been analyzed in terms of a monomer-dimer-tetramer model in which the various oligomers have different affinities and/or capacities for the ligand. The results indicate that the ligand affinities are in the order tetramer greater than dimer greater than monomer whereas the numbers of ligand binding sites per mole of hCH are in the reverse order. Consequently, addition of ANS first shifts the equilibrium from monomer to tetramer and gives rise to positive cooperativity in the titration curves. At sufficiently high ANS concentration (approximately 0.5 mM), the equilibrium shifts back to the dimer because of its greater binding capacity. This is manifested by a second phase in the titration curve and a decrease in the polarization of ANS fluorescence. The results are discussed in terms of the general problem of ligand controlled protein association and are contrasted to results reported to the previous paper for the homolgous protein, human luteinizing hormone.
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PMID:Ligand-induced self-association of human chorionic gonadotropin. Positive cooperativity in the binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate. 118 14

The dose-response relationship between luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG)-stimulated biological response and 125I-labeled hCG binding was studied in purified Leydig cells from adult rat testes. The concentration of hCG needed for one-half maximal stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and testosterone production (ED50) was 2.16 x 10(-11)mol/L and 5.6 x 10(-13)mol/L, respectively. This suggests that extremely low levels of hormone in the range of 10(-13)mol/L hCG are sufficient to generate enough cAMP (5.66 pmol; 2.83 x 10(-9)mol/L) for steroidogenesis, thereby preserving the catalytic potential of the receptor-cyclase system. Most of the cAMP formed at 10(-13)mol/L hCG was released into the medium, and the intracellular cAMP was much less and barely detectable (0.98 x 10(-9)mol/L; 1.96 pmol/2 x 10(6) cells). The specific binding of 125I-labeled hCG to purified Leydig cells at a correspondingly higher hCG concentration (3 x 10(-10)mol/L) was extremely low and did not display a dose-dependent increase in binding. Assuming the specific binding to represent 100% occupancy of high affinity receptors (14.2 fmol/2 x 10(6) cells per 2 ml), each mole of bound hCG generated 15,423 mol cAMP and 12,817 mol testosterone. The results show that the hormone interacts with cellular receptors as a catalyst to generate the biological response. Moreover, the true affinity of hormone-receptor interaction responsible for the physiologic action is possibly much greater than previously reported for this system. This information should prove useful for reconstitution studies using the hormone receptor/G-protein/adenylate cyclase system in vitro in soluble form.
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PMID:Does gonadotropin receptor complex have an amplifying role in cAMP/testosterone production in Leydig cells? 164 78


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