Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Numerical analysis of multiple binding of two ligands to one carrier has been accomplished, using the principle of several sets of acceptable binding constants, with bilirubin-laurate-albumin as an example. Binding of bilirubin to defatted human serum albumin was investigated by a spectroscopic method, based upon a difference of light absorption spectrum for free and bound bilirubin. The observations were supplemented with previous data from an independent technique, measurement of oxidation rates of free bilirubin with hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. A continuous isotherm was obtained, showing binding of at least 4 mol bilirubin per mole albumin with the following stoichiometric binding constants, 1.11 X 10(8), 1.7 X 10(7), 8 X 10(5), and 4 X 10(4) M-1 at pH 8.2, ionic strength 0.15 M, 25 degrees C. The binding is anticooperative at all steps. A saturation level was not reached. Cobinding of bilirubin and laurate was studied, with up to 2 mol of each ligand per mole albumin, using the peroxidase method for determination of free equilibrium concentrations of bilirubin, and a dialysis rate technique for free laurate. The findings could be described in terms of a stoichiometric model. Heterotropic cooperativity was present among the first bilirubin and the first and second laurate molecules. More than two molecules of either ligand can be bound at the same time.
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PMID:Multiple binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin and cobinding with laurate. 282 43

The catalase succinylation by succinic anhydride excess results in an almost complete dissociation of the enzyme into subunits possessing no catalase activity. The catalase subunits show the peroxidatic activity on o-dianisidine oxidation. The oxidation kinetics of this substrate by the succinylated enzyme was studied at various temperatures. The activation energy for this process is 10.1 kcal/mole. Within the temperature range of 31-65.5 degrees, the succinylated enzyme thermostability was studied by monitoring the peroxidatic activity decrease upon o-dianisidine oxidation. The activation energy for the succinylated catalase thermoinactivation equals to 15.5 kcal/mole. The peroxidatic activity of catalase subunits obtained by enzyme succinylation and acidic solution treatment was compared to that of horseradish peroxidase in the oxidation of the same substrate, i.e., o-dianisidine.
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PMID:[Peroxidase activity of succinylated catalase]. 299 61

By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, the authors studied 7 malignant choroidal melanomas, 7 conjunctival nevi and 1 malignant conjunctival melanoma with the aim to detect the presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gastrin, estradiol and testosterone. Positive staining reaction for VIP, estradiol and testosterone was observed in both malignant melanomas of the choroid and conjunctival nevi. The case of conjunctival melanoma was positive for VIP and ACTH but not for estradiol and gastrin.
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PMID:Steroids and neuroendocrine hormones detected by the immunoperoxidase technique from malignant melanomas and nevi of the choroid and conjunctiva. 301 Feb 9

We examined 2,227 lymph nodes from 100 patients with clinical Stage I cutaneous melanoma for the presence of microscopic deposits of tumor. On examination of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections, none had melanoma. Sixteen nodes from 14 patients had melanoma detectable by an antiserum to S-100 protein in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) assay. The melanomatous nature of these cells was confirmed by their reaction with the melanoma-directed monoclonal antibody NKl/C3. The incidence of occult nodal metastases was highest in patients with deeply invasive and micrometrically thick primary tumors. The incidence of occult melanoma was not increased where additional serial sections were cut and semiserial sections examined. Pitfalls in the identification of occult melanoma cells (OMC) include S-100 protein-positive interdigitating dendritic cells, capsular nevus cells, a minority of sinus "macrophages," and the Schwann cells of node-associated nerves. Thus, we conclude that the incidence of early melanoma metastases in the regional lymph nodes of patients with clinical Stage I melanoma is greater than has previously been appreciated on the basis of assessment of routine hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. Six of the 14 patients with OMC died of melanoma (41%), as compared to only 18 of 86 patients without OMC (21%; 0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05).
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PMID:Occult tumor cells in the lymph nodes of patients with pathological stage I malignant melanoma. An immunohistological study. 271 94

Direct retinothalamic projections in the mole, an animal with a highly reduced visual system, were studied after an intraocular injection of wheat germ-agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Anterogradely labeled axon terminals were found not only in the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral geniculate body but also in the lateroposterior nucleus on the side contralateral to the intraocular WGA-HRP injection.
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PMID:Direct retinal projections to the lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (LP) in the mole. 324 41

Four mouse hybridoma cell lines rp12, rp28, rp35 and rp38 producing monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive with ras oncogene product p21 were established with the use of recombinant proteins as immunogens. Using immunofluorescence, avidin-biotin complex or peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods, the reactivity of rp12, rp28 and rp35 MoAbs was examined in fresh and paraformaldehyde- or formalin fixed tissues of malignant and benign lesions of the skin, lung, stomach, uterus and ovary. These MoAbs strongly reacted with most malignant melanomas, lung cancers, stomach cancers, colon cancers and adenomatous polyps, uterus cancers, and ovary cancers, while they weakly reacted with inflammatory lung tissues, stomach polyps and metaplastic tissues and cervical dysplastic lesions, and did not react with pigmented nevi. The cancers and colon adenomatous polyps showed a high positive cell ratio, with not only cytoplasmic but also membranous localization of the staining, while other tissues had a low positive cell ratio and cytoplasmic staining localization. The MoAbs rp12, rp28 and rp35 could therefore be helpful for differential diagnosis between cancers and benign lesions.
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PMID:[An attempt at using monoclonal antibodies to oncogene products]. 330 May 58

The substitution of glucose-antiglucose oxidase complex (GAG) for peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) in the Sternberger three-layer unlabeled antibody method avoids the problems associated with the use of the chromogen 3,3,diaminobenzidine (DAB). The blue final reaction product obtained using the GAG complex is not obscured by melanin granules, which is often the case when using the PAP-DAB combination. The replacement of PAP with GAG complexes facilitates the detection of melanocytes in melanoma and blue nevi. The absence of endogenous glucose oxidase in mammals provides for greater image contrast, which is not possible using alternative chromogens and immunoperoxidase.
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PMID:The substitution of glucose-antiglucose oxidase complex (GAG) for peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) in immunohistochemical studies of skin. 330 93

The lectin-binding patterns of primary malignant melanoma, nevocellular nevus, and Spitz nevus were studied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using a series of biotinylated lectins--concanavalin A (ConA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA1), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ulex europeus agglutinin-1(UEA1)--and employing the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In nevocellular and Spitz nevi, all of the nevus cells were positively stained with ConA and RCA1. No positive staining was observed, however, with the other lectins and no change in binding patterns occurred following neuraminidase pretreatment. In malignant melanoma, all of the melanoma cells were positively stained with ConA and RCA1, and some were also stained with MPA, PNA, and WGA. In addition, DBA, SBA, MPA, PNA, and WGA labeled all of the melanoma cells after neuraminidase pretreatment. No positive staining was observed with UEA1 despite neuraminidase pretreatment. The present results showed that malignant melanoma and nevocellular and Spitz nevi have different lectin-binding patterns and different responses to neuraminidase pretreatment. We, therefore, believe that the lectin staining on paraffin-embedded sections can be a useful probe for the differentiation of these diseases.
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PMID:Differing lectin-binding patterns of malignant melanoma and nevocellular and Spitz nevi. 331 32

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to aldosterone were obtained by fusion of myeloma cells and spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with aldosterone-3-carboxylmethyloxime-bovine serum albumin. A monoclonal antibody was purified from ascites fluid and characterized. An affinity constant of 1.61 x 10(9) M-1 has been measured and no cross-reactivity with tetrahydroaldosterone (THA), cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), progesterone and estrone, could be detected. A peroxidase conjugated-antibody (1.5 mole of enzyme per mole of antibody) was obtained and used for microwell enzyme immunoassay and Immun-Blot assay. The high affinity and specificity of this antibody should make the direct determination of aldosterone in biological fluids possible at concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-10) M.
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PMID:Murine monoclonal antibody against aldosterone: production, characterization and use for enzymoimmunoassay. 331 48

The immunohistochemical localization of melanoma-associated antigen p94 kd200 was investigated in frozen sections of 3 congenital nevi, 4 benign intradermal nevi, 1 regressing nevus, 1 blue nevus, 1 dysplastic nevus, 1 lentigo maligna, 1 superficial spreading melanoma and 2 metastatic melanomas. The original avidin-biotin complex lectin method (Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H: Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 75: 734-738, 1981) was modified to detect the antigen. The sections were exposed to the monoclonal antibody to p94 kd200 (Hybritech Inc.), the linking biotin-labelled anti-mouse IgG, the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex and the 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole solution in an incubator at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. We found that the percentage of cells expressing p94 kd200 varied between 0 and 100% in congenital nevi, between 80 and 100% in benign intradermal nevi, between 0 and 20% in the regressing, blue and dysplastic nevi, and in the lentigo maligna, 80 to 100% in the superficial spreading melanoma, and between 0 and 40% in the metastatic melanomas. Positive cells were found to be hypomelanotic (did not have heavy melanin content). The intensity of labelling or the degree of antigen expression on benign and malignant hypomelanotic cells was also found to vary. These findings 1) reinforce the concept of quantitative rather than qualitative antigenic differences in benign and malignant cells 2) suggest that kd200 is lost with increasing pigment production 3) offer a potentially significant tool to investigate the antigenic changes during cell differentiation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of melanoma-associated antigen p94 kd200 with the use of a modified avidin-biotin-complex lectin method. 331 50


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