Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 44-year-old woman had several congenital melanocytic nevi that were treated with a CO2 laser. Six weeks after the laser treatment one lesion repigmented and was therefore excised. The initial histological diagnosis of malignant melanoma was revised to 'pseudo-melanoma' after re-evaluation of the history, the clinical presentation and the histology. We conclude that pseudo-melanoma is a complication of laser therapy that has to be recognised in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
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PMID:Pseudo-melanoma after laser therapy. 969 93

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in surface waters and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in nine European estuaries. Averaged fluxes over the entire estuaries are usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mole of CO2 per square meter per day. For wide estuaries, net daily fluxes to the atmosphere amount to several hundred tons of carbon (up to 790 tons of carbon per day in the Scheldt estuary). European estuaries emit between 30 and 60 million tons of carbon per year to the atmosphere, representing 5 to 10% of present anthropogenic CO2 emissions for Western Europe.
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PMID:Carbon dioxide emission from european estuaries 977 61

Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica. Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.
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PMID:Phytoplankton community structure and the drawdown of nutrients and CO2 in the southern ocean 988 47

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is a pyruvate-dependent enzyme. The enzyme forms a Schiff base with substrate, S-adenosylmethionine, through the pyruvoyl moiety. This facilitates the release of CO2 from the substrate, which must then be protonated on the alpha carbon in order to permit hydrolysis of the Schiff base to release the product. The catalytic mechanism of human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was investigated via mutagenic and kinetic approaches. The results of enzyme kinetic studies indicated that Cys-82 is a crucial residue for activity and this residue has a basic pKa. Iodoacetic acid inhibited wild-type enzyme activity in a time- and pH-dependent manner but did not affect the already reduced activity of mutant C82A. Reaction of this mutant with iodoacetic acid led to approximately one less mole of reagent being incorporated per mole of enzyme alphabeta dimer than with wild-type S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Both wild-type and C82A mutant S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases were inactivated by substrate-mediated transamination, but this reaction occurred much more frequently with C82A than with wild-type enzyme. A major proportion of the recombinant C82A mutant protein was in the transaminated form in which the pyruvoyl cofactor is converted into alanine. This suggests that incorrect protonation of the pyruvate, rather than the substrate, occurs much more readily when Cys-82 is altered. On the basis of these results, it was postulated that residue Cys-82 may be the proton donor of the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
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PMID:Role of cysteine-82 in the catalytic mechanism of human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. 1002 40

An alkane-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterial strain, AK-01, was isolated from an estuarine sediment with a history of chronic petroleum contamination. The bacterium is a short, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, gram-negative rod. It is mesophilic and grows optimally at pH 6.9 to 7.0 and at an NaCl concentration of 1%. Formate, fatty acids (C4 to C16) and hydrogen were readily utilized as electron donors. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate were used as electron acceptors, but sulfur, nitrite, and nitrate were not. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicate that AK-01 is most closely related to the genera Desulfosarcina, Desulfonema, and Desulfococcus in the delta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. It is phenotypically and phylogenetically different from strains Hxd3 and TD3, two previously reported isolates of alkane-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacteria. The alkanes tested to support growth of AK-01 had chain lengths of C13 to C18. 1-Alkenes (C15 and C16) and 1-alkanols (C15 and C16) also supported growth. The doubling time for growth on hexadecane was 3 days, about four times longer than that for growth on hexadecanoate. Mineralization of hexadecane was indicated by the recovery of 14CO2 from cultures grown on [1-14C]hexadecane. Degradation of hexadecane was dependent on sulfate reduction. The stoichiometric ratio (as moles of sulfate reduced per mole of hexadecane degraded) was 10.6, which is very close to the theoretical ratio of 12.25, assuming a complete oxidation to CO2. Anaerobic alkane degradation by sulfate reducers may be a more widespread phenomenon than was previously thought.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a sulfate-reducing bacterium that anaerobically degrades alkanes. 1038 91

In this study, a facultative bacterium that converts fumarate to succinate at a high yield was isolated. The yield of bioconversion was enhanced about 1.2 times by addition of glucose into culture medium at an initial concentration of 6 g/L. When the initial cell density was high (2 g/L), the succinate produced at pH 7.0 for initial fumarate concentrations of 30, 50, 80, and 100 g/L were 29.3, 40.9, 63.6, and 82.5 g/L, respectively, showing an increase with the initial fumarate concentration. The high yield of 96.8%/mole of fumarate in just 4 h was obtained at the initial fumarate concentration of 30 g/L. Comparing these values to those obtained with low cell culture (0.2 g/L), we found that the amount of succinate produced was similar, but the production rate in the high cell culture was about three times higher than was the case in the low cell culture. This strain converted fumarate to succinate at a rate of 3.5 g/L.h under the sparge of CO2.
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PMID:Bioconversion of fumarate to succinate using glycerol as a carbon source. 1039 84

We report the development of a method of trace gas analysis based on 1-cm-1 resolution Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, deployable in both laboratory and field applications. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide may be analyzed simultaneously in a single air sample using this method. We have demonstrated that the method can provide analytical precision of the order of +/- 0.15 mumol mol-1 for CO2, +/- 0.9 nmol mol-1 for CH4, +/- 0.3 nmol mol-1 for N2O, and +/- 0.3 nmol mol-1 for CO, expressed as mole fractions in dry air. The analytical precision is in all cases competitive with or superior to that of the more usual methods of analysis for these trace gases, namely, nondispersive infrared spectroscopy for CO2 and gas chromatography-based techniques for CH4, N2O, and CO. The novel FT-IR method relies on calibration using synthetically calculated absorbance spectra and a chemometric multivariate calibration algorithm, classical least squares.
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PMID:Precision trace gas analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy. 1. Simultaneous analysis of CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO in air. 1065 55

A quantitative analysis of O2 and CO2 transport was conducted in resting and exercising rainbow trout, and these data were used to quantify the magnitude of coupling between O2 and CO2 exchange, in vivo. The release of Bohr protons during haemoglobin-oxygenation was non-linear over the Hb-O2 equilibrium curve used in trout subjected to different levels of sustained exercise. At low swimming speeds, when venous blood O2 content (CvO2) was high, there was a small acidosis as blood passed through the gills, indicating more protons were released during oxygenation of Hb than were consumed during HCO3- dehydration. At higher swimming speeds, when CvO2 was low, there was a significant alkalosis in arterial relative to venous blood, indicating that fewer protons were released upon oxygenation than HCO3- ions were dehydrated to CO2. Haldane coefficients (moles of protons released per mole of O2 which binds to Hb), calculated from steady state arterial and mixed-venous parameters, revealed that under resting conditions all blood CO2 removed from the blood during gill transit was stoichiometrically related to O2 uptake through the release of Bohr protons during Hb oxygenation. The magnitude of coupling between CO2 excretion and O2 uptake decreased from 100% to less than 40% at the maximal swimming velocity when the largest region of the Hb-O2 equilibrium curve was used for gas exchange. The non-linear release of Bohr protons over the range of Hb-O2 saturation in the blood reduces HCO3- dehydration at the gills during greater work loads elevating arterial P(CO2) levels, leading to an increase in HCO3- buffer capacity of the blood and tissues.
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PMID:The interaction between O2 and CO2 exchange in rainbow trout during graded sustained exercise. 1070 10

A case of endoscopic neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser coagulation of a bladder hemangioma associated with Klippel-Weber syndrome is presented. The patient presented with extensive nevus and swelling of the left lower limb since birth. She was diagnosed with Klippel-Weber syndrome by angiography at the age of 1 year. Gross hematuria had been observed since she was 1 year old and, in addition, endoscopic examination revealed diffuse bladder hemangiomas. At 8 years of age, gross hematuria became worse and gait disturbance also appeared. She was referred to the Department of Urology at Tohoku University School of Medicine for endoscopic treatment in June 1998. Under general anesthesia, the bladder was inflated with CO2 gas and the hemangiomas were coagulated by Nd:YAG laser photonic irradiation endoscopically. Gross hematuria was markedly improved immediately following this treatment. Klippel-Weber syndrome is a rather uncommon disease which shows various types of vascular anomaly and hypertrophy of the lower extremities. Three to 6% of the patients have associated bladder hemangiomas. Although Nd:YAG laser irradiation provides results superior to alternative therapy and is the preferred treatment for most patients with bladder hemangioma, in this case, hemangiomas are multiple and present the possibility of re-bleeding, therefore long-term and close follow up is important.
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PMID:Endoscopic neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation of a bladder hemangioma associated with Klippel-Weber syndrome. 1081 Sep 71

A new thermophilic, anaerobic glucose-fermenting, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SEBR 7858T, was isolated from an oilfield water sample. Under optimal conditions on a glucose-containing medium (3% NaCl, 65 degrees C and pH 7.5), the generation time was 2.5 h. No growth occurred at 35 or 80 degrees C, nor at pH 5..5 or 9.0. Strain SEBR 7858T possessed lateral flagella. Spores were undetected but heat-resistant forms were present. Strain SEBR 7858T fermented a range of carbohydrates to acetate, L-alanine, lactate, H2 and CO2. The isolate reduced thiosulfate and elemental sulfur, but not sulfate or sulfite to sulfide. In the presence of thiosulfate, the ratio of acetate produced per mole of glucose consumed increased, suggesting a shift in the use of electron acceptors during carbohydrate metabolism. The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was almost equidistantly related to all members of the genus Thermoanaerobacter (mean similarity 92%). Based on phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SEBR 7858T was clearly different from all members of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and was therefore designated as a new species, Thermoanaerobacter subterraneus sp. nov. The type strain is SEBR 7858T (= CNCM 1-2383T, DSM 13054T).
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PMID:Thermoanaerobacter subterraneus sp. nov., a novel thermophile isolated from oilfield water. 1115 90


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