Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been 20 years since the Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, under the leadership Dr. Norman Orentreich, first reported that low methionine (Met) ingestion by rats extends lifespan (Orentreich et al., 1993). Since then, several studies have replicated the effects of dietary methionine restricted (MR) in delaying age-related diseases (Richie et al., 1994; Miller et al., 2005; Ables et al., 2012; Sanchez-Roman and Barja, 2013). We report the abstracts from the First International Mini-Symposium on Methionine Restriction and Lifespan held in Tarrytown, NY, September 2013. The goals were (1) to gather researchers with an interest in MR and lifespan, (2) to exchange knowledge, (3) to generate ideas for future investigations, and (4) to strengthen relationships within this community. The presentations highlighted the importance of research on cysteine, growth hormone (GH), and ATF4 in the paradigm of aging. In addition, the effects of dietary restriction or MR in the kidneys, liver, bones, and the adipose tissue were discussed. The symposium also emphasized the value of other species, e.g., the naked mole rat, Brandt's bat, and Drosophila, in aging research. Overall, the symposium consolidated scientists with similar research interests and provided opportunities to conduct future collaborative studies (Figure 3).
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PMID:The first international mini-symposium on methionine restriction and lifespan. 2484 56

Mammals typically display a robust positive relationship between lifespan and body size. Two groups that deviate markedly from this pattern are bats and African mole-rats, with members of both groups being extremely long-lived given their body size, with the maximum documented lifespan for many species exceeding 20 years. A recent genomics study of the exceptionally long-lived Brandt's bat, Myotis brandtii (41 years), suggested that its longevity and small body size may be at least partly attributed to key amino acid substitutions in the transmembrane domains of the receptors of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). However, whereas elevated longevity is likely to be common across all 19 bat families, the reported amino acid substitutions were only observed in two closely related bat families. To test the hypothesis that an altered GH/IGF1 axis relates to the longevity of African mole-rats and bats, we compared and analysed the homologous coding gene sequences in genomic and transcriptomic data from 26 bat species, five mole-rats and 38 outgroup species. Phylogenetic analyses of both genes recovered the majority of nodes in the currently accepted species tree with high support. Compared to other clades, such as primates and carnivores, the bats and rodents had longer branch lengths. The single 24 amino acid transmembrane domain of IGF1R was found to be more conserved across mammals compared to that of GHR. Within bats, considerable variation in the transmembrane domain of GHR was found, including a previously unreported deletion in Emballonuridae. The transmembrane domains of rodents were found to be more conserved, with mole-rats lacking uniquely conserved amino acid substitutions. Molecular evolutionary analyses showed that both genes were under purifying selection in bats and mole-rats. Our findings suggest that while the previously documented mutations may confer some additional lifespan to Myotis bats, other, as yet unknown, genetic differences are likely to account for the long lifespans observed in many bat and mole-rat species.
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PMID:Molecular evolution of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors in long-lived, small-bodied mammals. 2506 22

Turner's syndrome is a common genetic disorder of girls and women, for which characteristic clinical symptoms encompass short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, systemic defects, multiple dysmorphic features and skin changes, including an increased number of melanocytic nevi, hypertrophic scars and keloids. The affected girls are treated with recombinant human growth hormone to improve the height. We present a case of a 15-year-old girl with Turner's syndrome, hypertrophic scars and a keloid. At the age of 12 years and 8 months, the girl started recombinant human growth hormone treatment. During the therapy, a surgical excision of 4 out of 42 benign melanocytic nevi was performed. After 2 months the hypertrophic scars as well as a keloid were noted at sites of excision. Parents of girls with Turner's syndrome undertake various attempts to improve not only the height and maturity of their daughters, but also their appearance by commonly performed surgical corrections of the webbed neck and pigmented nevi. The presented case suggests an increased risk of scars hypertrophy and keloid formations after surgical intervention in Turner's syndrome patients who are treated with recombinant human growth hormone at the same time. Due to that it should be advised to postpone all planned surgical procedures until the therapy has been completed.
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PMID:Hypertrophic scars in a patient with Turner's syndrome treated with recombinant growth hormone. 2509 79


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