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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method for the measurement of arylsulphatase A (ASA) in urine is assessed. Urine samples should be stored refrigerated at 4 degrees C and not deep frozen prior to dialysis. The within-batch coefficient of variation of method, in the normal range, is 6.7%. The major source of imprecision is the dialysis step. The normal range is assessed and results are expressed as units per mole creatinine.
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PMID:Some observations on the assay of arylsuphatase A in urine. 611 79

A neuropsychological test battery was administered to 50 workers exposed to styrene and to 50 sex-, intelligence-, and age-matched controls. The main styrene metabolites, ie, mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), were measured as exposure indices in the urine collected on Saturday mornings, just before neuropsychological testing. Exposure-response and exposure-effect relationships were found between the intensity of the exposure (as reflected by the sum of MA and PGA) and the scores of the neuropsychological tests. Verbal learning skills were significantly impaired in workers with a sum of MA and PGA higher than 150 mmole/mole creatinine, corresponding to styrene airborne concentrations higher than 25 ppm (mean daily exposure). Logical memory and visuo-constructive abilities were shown to be significantly affected in workers with MA and PGA higher than 300 mmole/mole creatinine, corresponding to exposure levels of more than 50 ppm of styrene in air.
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PMID:Exposure-effect and exposure-response relationships between occupational exposure to styrene and neuropsychological functions. 672 Jun 91

Interference by cefoxitin with determination of creatinine is less with the Technicon SMAC than with other commercial analytical systems. The SMAC assay involves a single-point kinetic method with dialysis, whereas most other commercial methods are multipoint kinetic without dialysis. The apparent creatinine concentration measured for aqueous solutions of cefoxitin was 73 mmol of creatinine per mole of cefoxitin with the SMAC, 135 mmol/mol with a manual method. Furthermore, we determined for the SMAC that the average fraction of creatinine dialyzed was 0.128 and for cefoxitin, 0.064. Thus, the concentration of and interference by cefoxitin in the reaction mixture for SMAC are reduced by half (i.e., the apparent creatinine concentration for cefoxitin with the manual system multiplied by 0.5 is essentially that noted with the SMAC: 68 vs 73). Thus we conclude that the diminished interference be cefoxitin with determination of creatinine by SMAC is primarily ascribable to the dialysis step.
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PMID:Effect of dialysis on interference by cefoxitin with determination of creatinine. 674 93

Conventional methods of assessing adequate nutrition in children may be inaccurate or change too slowly to be helpful during acute illness. Techniques to measure protein synthesis or breakdown provide more accurate information. Three-methylhistidine (3MH), an unusual amino acid found in actin and myosin, is not further metabolized and is quantitatively excreted following muscle degradation. Urinary excretion of 3MH has, therefore, been proposed as a marker of protein catabolism. The ratio of 3MH to creatinine in 24-hr urine collectons was studied in 14 healthy or stressed premature infants, and compared to nitrogen balance (N bal), caloric intake and clinical course. There is a significant inverse correlation between 3MH/Cr ratio and N Bal (R = -.507). The mean 3MH/Cr ratio was 0.140 +/- 0.037 mu mole/mg (n = 37) in healthy growing premature infants and 0.296 +/- 0.160 (n = 26) in infants who were stressed and/or had inadequate nutrient intake. Healthy growing infants almost invariably had a ratio below 0.200. Serial determinations in three infants consistently showed a rise in the ratio to above 0.200 during periods of stress or decreased intake. The 3MH/Cr ratio may be a more sensitive indicator of metabolic status and may be useful clinically, especially in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen balance in healthy and stressed premature infants. 677 77

Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate was studied in 38 patients with urolithiasis on two different occasions, and there appeared to be a good correlation between the biochemical findings in the two samples. All values were expressed per mole of creatinine and it was furthermore demonstrated that the variation in creatinine excretion was considerably less than the variation in urine volume. The calcium/magnesium quotients were calculated in 113 2-hour fasting urine samples and 24-hour urine samples and a good correlation was obtained. Biochemical grouping of the patients was performed by means of the two sets of values and the result obtained was approximately the same in both cases.
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PMID:Validity of biochemical findings in the evaluation of patients with urolithiasis. 735 65

A rapid and specific method for the determination of iodide in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column with electrochemical detection is described. The assay is reproducible as judged by the coefficient of variation of less than 4% at all concentrations used. The limit of detection was 0.1 mumol, and the calibration graph was linear for concentrations between 0.1 and 200 mumol. Using this method, healthy volunteers were found to excrete 69 +/- 39 mumol of iodide per mole of creatinine.
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PMID:Rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of iodide in urine. 778 Jun

The endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in tobacco users, namely chewers of tobacco + lime, betel quid with tobacco, and without tobacco, was determined by N-nitrosoproline test. Twenty-four- or six-hour urine samples were collected from volunteers for 3 days: day 1 without proline, day 2 after ingesting 100 mg proline three times a day and day 3 after ingesting 100 mg proline together with 100 mg ascorbic acid three times a day. The urine samples were analysed for the following N-nitrosamino acids: N-nitrosoproline, N-nitrososarcosine, N-nitrosopropionic acid, N-nitrosobutyric acid, N-nitrosothiozolidine-4-carboxylic acid, and N-methyl nitrosothiozolidine-4-carboxylic acid using gas chromatography-thermal energy analyser. It was observed that chewers of tobacco + lime excreted high basal levels of N-nitrosoproline on day 1 as compared with betel quid chewers with tobacco and without tobacco and those in the 'no habit' group. Levels of N-nitrosoproline on day 2 were 15.14 +/- 4.51 microns/mole creatinine in the tobacco + lime group, 3.55 +/- 1.22 microns/mole creatinine in the betel quid tobacco group, 4.72 +/- 1.35 microns/mole creatinine in the betel quid group while levels were 3.34 +/- 0.83 microns/mole creatinine in the 'no habit' group. A decrease in the N-nitrosoproline levels was observed in all the four groups on ingestion of ascorbic acid. This preliminary study suggests that there is a statistically significant increase in endogenous nitrosation in tobacco + lime chewers as compared with those with no habit, and ascorbic acid has an anti-nitrosating action in vivo.
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PMID:Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline and other N-nitrosamino acids in tobacco users. 798 6

The effect of hygienic skin protective measures on the internal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied in 13 coke-oven workers. The study took place over 2 consecutive weeks. In 1 week the subjects worked under the normal circumstances, in the other week extra hygienic skin protective measures were instituted: laundered working clothes and a new pair of gloves before each 8-h work shift, and the washing both of the hands and of the face before each break. Biological monitoring was undertaken to measure the effect of the extra hygienic measures on the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion, which is a measure of the internal PAH exposure. The increase of the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration over the 4-day workweek was on average 37% lower when extra hygienic measures were taken, being 1.3 instead of 2.3 mumole 1-hydroxypyrene per mole creatinine (P = 0.03, N = 13). This study demonstrates that simple hygienic skin protective measures result in a significant reduction of the internal PAH exposure.
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PMID:Reduction of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in coke-oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to improved hygienic skin protective measures. 804 86

We have compared several biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure among electrode paste plant workers and workers not occupationally exposed to PAH. The PAH exposure was quantitated from samples collected with person-attached sampling devices. The mean particulate PAH exposure level in the plant was 14.4 micrograms/m3. The level of pyrene was significantly correlated with both PAH level and the level of selected carcinogenic PAHs in this type of exposure. The mean concentration of the biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene in the PAH exposed workers' urine was 6.98 mumol of 1-hydroxypyrene per mole of creatinine compared with 0.08 and 0.14 mumol of 1-hydroxypyrene per mole of creatinine in the two reference groups. PAH-DNA adducts were measured in DNA from white blood cells by the ultrasensitive enzyme radioimmunoassay (USERIA) and the 32P-postlabeling technique. Only urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was significantly increased in the PAH-exposed group.
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PMID:Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in an electrode paste plant. 819

We examined the urinary excretion of magnesium and zinc in 175 diabetics [19 insulin-dependent (type I) and 156 insulin-independent (type II)] and in 160 control subjects of the same origin by determining the ratio of the concentration of each of these metals to that of creatinine (creat). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for analyzing Mg and Zn in urine. There was no significant difference in the urinary excretion of Mg between the control group [mean (SEM) = 362.6 (15.1) mmole of Mg/mole of creat] and the overall [350.2 (15.7) mmole Mg/mole creat], type I [368.4 (45.0) mmole Mg/mole creat], or type II [347.9 (16.7) mmole Mg/mole creat] diabetics regardless of the disorders associated with diabetes (cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, infections, and hepatic disease). In contrast, diabetics of both types [2.67 (0.14) mmole Zn/mole creat] with or without a diabetes associated disorder excreted significantly (p = 0.031 to 0.0000) more Zn than did the control subjects [1.76 (0.09) mmole Zn/mole creat]. There was positive correlation between hemoglobin A1c and urinary loss of Mg (p = 0.013) or Zn (p = 0.0241) in patients with type II diabetes. From these data, it appears that of the two elements examined only Zn is associated with higher urinary loss in diabetic state. The discrepancy between our results and those of previous studies for Mg may be ascribed to dissimilarities in the diet habits and metabolism of Mg among diabetics of different geographical origins.
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PMID:Effect of diabetic state and related disorders on the urinary excretion of magnesium and zinc in patients. 820 39


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