Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The properties of three forms of periplasmic and one form of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of E. coli were studied. A practically complete agreement between the conditions for optimal activity of these enzymes (pHopt 9.5 +/- 0.1), effect of ionic strength and temperature, and accordance between the substrate specificities (the enzymes decompose all types of phosphate-containing ether bonds) were observed. A similarity was shown between the kinetic parameters (Km = 3.9 x 10(-5) + 4.3 x 10(-5) M) for the reaction of p-nitrophenylphosphate decomposition), type and constants of inhibition (Ki) of these enzymes by phosphate-containing compounds as well as between the values of energy (E = 5.95 + 6.2 kcal/mole) for activation of decomposition of this substrate. A structural similarity of active sites of these enzymes was assumed. It was also suggested that the membrane-bound form of the enzyme is a precursor of the periplasmic one.
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PMID:[Comparative study of properties of periplasmic and membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of E. coli]. 702 49

A new microfluorometrical simultaneous assay method of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood discs was devised by use of alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactose dehydrogenase. Our method statistically corresponded well with the Kirkman's method. It can detect 1 X 10(-10) mole of minimal concentration of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in one blood disc paper (3 mm in diameter), and this means the sensitivity of assay of galactose-1-phosphate was 0.1 mg%. Assay range in our method was very broad (0-2 mM or 0-10 mM). The accuracy and reproducibility of galactose-1-phosphate assay were 3.4 +/- 0.1 mg%, 8.0 +/- 0.4 mg% or 15.1 +/- 0.6 mg%. Mean values of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood on normal infants were 0.8 mg% and 0.3 mg%, respectively. We applied this method to mass screening of galactosemia and could accurately distinguish many positive and false positive cases detected by Paigen's and Beutler's methods. This method gave us an easy and accurate assay system for the diagnosis of uridyl transferase and galactokinase deficiencies.
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PMID:Simultaneous quantitative estimation of galactose-1-phosphate and galactose in blood for the diagnosis of galactosemia. 711 50

We studied 53 lots of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (I), obtained from 20 different commercial suppliers, and used this information to set specifications for it. Using these well-defined specifications, we classified 21 lots of I as "unacceptable," 26 lots as "borderline," and six as "acceptable." All lots were shown to contain some 4-nitrophenol and inorganic phosphate. However, "acceptable" I had < 0.3 mmol of 4-nitrophenol and < 10 mmol of inorganic phosphate per mole of I. The mole concentration of I (based on disodium hexahydrate, formula weight 371) was determined by enzymic conversion to 4-nitrophenol in five lots of "acceptable" materials. The mole fraction of I ranged from 0.982 to 0.998. From these measurements and from estimates of impurities that absorb at 311 nm, as determined by liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry at other wavelengths, our best estimate of the molar absorptivity of I at 311 nm in 10 mmol/L NaOH at 25 degrees C was 9867 L x mol-1 x cm-1, with a total uncertainty of 76 L x mol-1 x cm-1. We recommend that I used in clinical laboratories for measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum meet the specifications given in this paper: I content > 98%, maximum activity > 98% in comparative testing with other "acceptable" lots of I, and impurities not to exceed the values cited above.
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PMID:4-nitrophenyl phosphate--characterization of high-purity materials for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in human serum. 744 94

The effect of CO2+ on the synthesis and activation of Bacillus licheniformis MC14 alkaline phosphatase has been shown by the development of a defined minimal salts medium in which this organism produces 35 times more (assayable) alkaline phosphatase than when grown in a low-phosphate complex medium or in the defined medium without cobalt. Stimulation of enzyme activity with cobalt is dependent on a low phosphate concentration in the medium (below 0.075 mM) and continued protein synthesis. Cobalt stimulation resulted in alkaline phosphate production being a major portion of total protein synthesized during late-logarithmic and early-stationary-phase culture growth. Cells cultured in the defined medium minus cobalt, or purified enzyme partially inactivated with a chelating agent, showed a 2.5-fold increase in activity when assayed in the presence of cobalt. Atomic spectral analysis indicated the presence of 3.65 +/- 0.45 g-atoms of cobalt associated with each mole of purified active alkaline phosphatase. A biochemical localization as a function of culture age in this medium showed that alkaline phosphatase was associated with the cytoplasmic membrane and was also found as a soluble enzyme in the periplasmic region and secreted into the growth medium.
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PMID:Effect of cobalt on synthesis and activation of Bacillus licheniformis alkaline phosphatase. 746 63

Platelet actin binding protein (ABP) as isolated from human platelets exists in at least four phosphorylated forms which we have designated ABP-0, ABP-1, ABP-2, and ABP-3 whose phosphate content ranges from 18 (ABP-0) to 40 (ABP-3) moles Pi/mole ABP. These forms differ in their resistance to calpain cleavage and ability to cross-link F-actin with ABP-3 being the best in each of these properties. Attempts to phosphorylate ABP-1, two or three with protein kinase C (PKC) were unsuccessful except if the proteins were pretreated with Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. All of the forms could be phosphorylated with cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) and subsequent resistance to calpain cleavage conferred. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of ABP may be an important regulatory mechanism by which the cytoskeletal architecture is stabilized or transformed.
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PMID:Existence of multiple phosphorylated forms of human platelet actin binding protein. 786 35

The association of connate, left-sided, extensive epidermal verrucous nevus, multiple isolated bone tumors and vitamin-D-resistant rickets since childhood seen in a 20-year-old male patient corresponded to an epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS). However, other organ involvement occasionally associated with ENS could not be found in this patient, and his intraosseous tumors represented histologically benign hemangiomas. Serum analysis revealed hypophosphatemia (together with phosphaturia), decreased levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase indicating hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Therefore we suppose that vitamin-D-resistant rickets combined with skeletal tumors represents a peculiar type of osteomalacia caused by unilateral mesenchymomas.
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PMID:Extensive linear epidermal nevus associated with hemangiomas of bones and vitamin-D-resistant rickets. 794 84

The renal phosphate (Pi)-transporting capacity normally increases, due to increased carrier system affinity, during the third postnatal week in rats. However, the tubular Pi reabsorption of rat pups born from gentamicin-treated mothers does not increase during this period. This study determines whether exposure to gentamicin in utero selectively alters the postnatal maturation of the carrier affinity for Pi. Pi and glucose transports by proximal tubule brush-border membrane (BBM) were studied. The maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) of Na-Pi cotransport was significantly lower (536 +/- 169 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1; n = 6, P < 0.01) in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls (1,021 +/- 167 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1, n = 6), whereas the Michaelis constant (Km) values were the same. Gentamicin exposure had no effect on plasma parathyroid hormone concentration or on BBM glucose transport activity. The total phospholipid content of BBM, their phospholipid composition, cholesterol content, and cholesterol-to-total phospholipid mole ratio were unaltered, suggesting that membrane fluidity was unchanged. The Vmax of BBM alkaline phosphatase was lower in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls.
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PMID:Effect of fetal exposure to gentamicin on phosphate transport in young rat kidney. 828 14

1. The patch-clamp technique was used to characterize chloride channels from the apical membranes of bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Application of GTP gamma S or NaF to excised patches revealed the existence of a novel type of Cl- channel regulated by G-proteins in a membrane-delimited manner. 2. The channel had a linear current-voltage relationship, with a conductance of 100-120 pS. Its open probability was independent of voltage. 3. The channel was highly anion selective (permeability ratio, PNa/PCl = 0.06 +/- 0.04) and had the halide permeability sequence: I- > Br- > or = Cl- > F-, corresponding to the Eisenman I sequence. This suggested that neither ionic size nor diffusion rate determined ion permeation through the channel. 4. The mole fraction behaviour was studied using fluoride and chloride ions. Mixtures of ions produced currents that would be expected from the linear combination of the two ions acting independently, indicating relatively simple permeation through the pore and compatible with a single ion binding site. 5. The channel was inhibited by the stilbene disulphonates SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulphonic acid) and DNDS (4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-sulphonic acid). SITS introduced voltage dependence to channel gating and indicated the possible involvement of lysine residues in the channel permeation pathway. 6. NaF was unable to activate Cl- channels in the presence of the aluminum chelator, deferoxamine mesylate. This indicates that Al3+ ions play an important role in chloride channel activation by fluoride. NaF activation was not dependent on the presence of calcium ions. 7. The channel was insensitive to alkaline phosphatase and to the specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase types I and 2A, okadaic acid and calyculin A. 8. The channels could be activated by GTP gamma S or by NaF in the presence of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine, indicating that this enzyme is not involved in channel regulation.
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PMID:Characterization and regulation of a chloride channel from bovine tracheal epithelium. 858 18

The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase has been studied in vegetable oil containing water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions of six different compositions at four different (water)/(surfactant) mole ratios of 10, 17.6, 24.7 and 37. The vegetable oils used are ricebran oil (RO) and clove oil (CO) and the amphiphiles used are Aerosol OT (AOT), cinnamic alcohol (CA) and Tween-20 (T-20). The hydrolytic process does not follow conventional Michaelis Menten equation normally observed for enzymatic process. In the water/vegetable oil microemulsions, the enzyme seems to lose its activity when AOT is the amphiphile. The amount of p-nitrophenol generated as a result of hydrolysis is independent of the presence of the enzyme. With Tween-20 as the amphiphile, the microemulsion produces an initial retarding effect which ultimately gets appreciably compensated.
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PMID:Activity of alkaline phosphatase in water-in-oil microemulsions containing vegetable oil. 871 47

Monoclonal antibody 57B specifically detects MAGE-3 gene protein expression. MAGE-derived peptides are recognized by CD8+ T cells and applied in immunotherapy. We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of 61 melanoma (primary, n = 40; metastatic, n = 21) and 46 control cases (junctional, dermal, compound, Spitz, Reed, and balloon-cell nevi) by immunohistochemistry using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method after antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity was rated positive at 20 positive cells per tumor or more. Staining pattern was homogeneous, scattered, or focal. All control samples and internal controls were immunonegative. Staining with monoclonal antibody 57B showed a specificity of 100% with a sensitivity of 44%. Immunopositivity (overall, 44% of melanomas) increased along with tumor, node, and metastasis stage; pT1 showed 13%, pT2 22%, pT3a 29%, pT3b 45%, pT4 100%, pTxN1 60%, and pTxNxM1a 63% of samples positive. The staining pattern was homogeneous on pT1 to pT3a tumors, homogeneous or focal in pT3b and pT4a, and homogeneous, focal, or scattered in pTxN1 and pTxNxM1a. The frequency of immunopositivity relates well to data on mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in a subgroup analyzed by both methods. Monoclonal antibody 57B can be used to allow profiling of melanomas using routine archival tissue, when considering immunotherapeutic approaches involving MAGE-3-derived epitopes.
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PMID:MAGE-3 immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary and metastatic melanoma: frequency and distribution. 940 5


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