Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of polyethylenimine conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotube (PEI-SWNT) containing bioreducible disulfide bonds was synthesized and evaluated for their transfection efficiency. Different molecular weights of polyethylenimine (PEI) were thiolated with different mole ratio of 2-iminothiolane (2-IT). Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) was first carboxylated and then three different cysteine-functionalized SWNT formulations were synthesized via introduced linkers: a) carbonyl group b) spermidine c) 1,8-diamino 3,6-dioxo octane. The final nanocarriers were fabricated upon conjugation of thiolated PEIs and thiolated SWNT via oxidative disulfide bond formation. All PEI-disulfide-SWNT conjugates were capable of DNA condensation and showed improved viability and transfection efficiency compared to PEI itself. Transfection efficiencies were up to 1500 times greater than PEI 25kDa (C/P=0.8). The results of this study suggest that the synthesized formulations based on SWNT-CO-Cysteine and PEI 1.8kDa were the most efficient carriers. Considering the decreased cytotoxicity and higher transfection levels, the conjugates bear the potential for effective delivery of genetic materials.
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PMID:The intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA using cationic reducible carbon nanotube - Disulfide conjugates of polyethylenimine. 2810 71

In this work, we have investigated the mono-variant relationship between the reduced viscosity and residual entropy in pure fluids and in binary mixtures of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons with dissolved carbon dioxide. The mixtures considered were octane + dodecane, decane + carbon dioxide, and 1,3-dimethylbenzene (m-xylene) + carbon dioxide. The reduced viscosity was calculated according to the definition of Bell, while the residual entropy was calculated from accurate multi-parameter Helmholtz-energy equations of state and, for mixtures, the multi-fluid Helmholtz energy approximation. The mono-variant dependence of reduced viscosity upon residual molar entropy was observed for the pure fluids investigated, and by incorporating two scaling factors (one for reduced viscosity and the other for residual molar entropy), the data were represented by a single universal curve. To apply this method to mixtures, the scaling factors were determined from a mole-fraction weighted sum of the pure-component values. This simple model was found to work well for the systems investigated. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) was observed to be between 1% and 2% for pure components and a mixture of similar hydrocarbons. Larger deviations, with AARDs of up to 15%, were observed for the asymmetric mixtures, but this compares favorably with other methods for predicting the viscosity of such systems. We conclude that the residual-entropy concept can be used to estimate the viscosity of mixtures of similar molecules with high reliability and that it offers a useful engineering approximation even for asymmetric mixtures.
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PMID:Residual entropy model for predicting the viscosities of dense fluid mixtures. 3235 98


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