Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. RNA was isolated from virus-like particles found in Penicillium chrysogenum and resolved into two fractions by gel filtration through agarose columns. 2. Fraction 1 was excluded and had the following properties: 50.9% G+C [AMP 0.246, UMP 0.246, CMP 0.252, GMP 0.255 (mole fraction)]; mol.wt. about 1.2x10(6) daltons; s(20,w) 12.3S and ;melting' temperature about 100 degrees C (solvent 0.15m-sodium chloride-0.015m-sodium citrate pH7.2); optical rotation [alpha](max.) 6000 degrees at 278nm; circular dichroism (epsilon(L)-epsilon(R))(max.)=8.181mol(-1) cm(-1) at 260nm. 3. Properties of fraction 2 include 37.8% G+C [AMP 0.313, UMP 0.312, CMP 0.186, GMP 0.189 (mole fraction)]; mol.wt. about 140000 daltons; s(20,w) 7.3S, T(m) about 85 degrees C (solvent 0.15m-sodium chloride-0.015m-sodium citrate, pH7.2); optical rotation [alpha](max.) 6000 degrees at 278nm; circular dichroism (epsilon(L)-epsilon(R))(max.)=8.241mol(-1) cm(-1) at 260nm. 4. The properties of both fractions were consistent with a double-helical conformation.
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PMID:Double-helical character of ribonucleic acid from virus-like particles found in Penicillium chrysogenum. 549 67

Treatment of isolated electroplax with physiological solutions supplemented with either 1 molar sodium chloride, 2 molar urea, or 2 molar sucrose renders the cell insensitive to carbamylcholine, phenyltrimethylammonium, or decamethonium even at high concentrations. The treated cells have a residual resting potential of -20 +/- 10 millivolts (negative inside) and are depolarized by acetylcholine at concentrations larger than 10(-3) mole per liter. This response is not affected by d-tubocurarine but is blocked by physostigmine, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, or strong buffers and thus depends on the catalytic activity of the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Electrical phenomena associated with the activity of the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase. 603 74

Dielectric permitivities have been determined for suspensions of lysolecithin packaged malonyl gramicidin channels over the frequency range of 5 kHz to 900 MHz and under conditions of approximately equimolar concentrations (approximately 10mM) of channels and salts. The salts were lithium chloride, sodium chloride and thallium acetate. A relaxation process unique to the thallium acetate-channel system was observed which on analysis gave rise to a relaxation time at 25 degrees of 120 msec. The permitivity data, as well as a comparison of binding constants, indicate that the relaxation process results from TI+ being bound within the channel and more specifically from an intrachannel ion translocation with a rate constant of approximately 4 x 10(6) sec-1 and with an energy of activation of less than 6.7 kcal/mole. These data compare favorably with data from conductance studies on planar bilayers and with ion and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic studies on the lysolecithin packaged malonyl gramicidin channels which combine to indicate that the relaxation process is due to the jump of the thallium ion across a central barrier.
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PMID:Dielectric relaxation studies of ionic processes in lysolecithin-packaged gramicidin channels. 617 85

Mannitol might inhibit paracellular reabsorption of water and sodium chloride in the proximal tubules by reducing the osmotic driving force. We examined this hypothesis in anesthetized dogs. Bicarbonate reabsorption was kept constant by sodium bicarbonate infusion, and transcellular sodium chloride reabsorption was inhibited by ethacrynic acid. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was varied by altering renal perfusion pressure. Mannitol infusion reduced sodium chloride reabsorption from 62 +/- 5% to 33 +/- 5% of the filtered load. The calculated increase in reabsorbate osmolality, averaging 82 +/- 6 mOsm/kg H2O, was due to sodium bicarbonate and equalled the increase in plasma osmolality. Mannitol concentration averaged 81 +/- 7 mM in plasma and 101 +/- 12 mM in urine. A linear relationship between reabsorption and GFR (glomerulo-tubular balance) was maintained over the same range of GFR before and after mannitol infusion. Mannitol infusion reduced sodium chloride reabsorption from 2.6 to 1.4 moles for each mole of sodium bicarbonate reabsorbed. During mannitol infusion, acetazolamide inhibited sodium bicarbonate reabsorption as in control experiments, but reduced sodium chloride reabsorption less. We conclude that reduced water reabsorption increases sodium bicarbonate concentration in the paracellular fluid as much as mannitol concentration is raised in the plasma and glomerular filtrate. Along the proximal tubules, net osmotic force is progressively reduced as mannitol concentration rises, accounting for reduced water and sodium chloride reabsorption.
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PMID:Mechanism of osmotic diuresis. 626 98

The percent of procainamide complexed with dextrose was determined to be directly related to the concentration per mole fraction of dextrose in the solution. The complexation process was reversible and did not proceed at lower pH (approximately 1.5). The rate of formation of complex was dependent on the initial pH value of the solution and the pH decreased as the concentration of the complex increased. The increase in the concentration of procainamide did not change the equilibrium concentration of the complex. The addition of sodium chloride or edetate disodium did not alter the rate of formation of the complex or its equilibrium concentration. The addition of hydrochloric acid prevented the formation of the complex and on adding hydrochloric acid after the formation of the complex, procainamide was completely freed.
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PMID:Complexation of procainamide with dextrose. 713 Dec 86

Interactions of aluminum with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been studied by thermal denaturation, circular dichroism, and fluorescent dye binding; a pH- and concentration-dependent alteration in the interaction of aluminum with DNA was observed. Three distinguishable complexes are produced when DNA is denaturated at pH 5.0-7.5 and in aluminum to DNA mole ratios of 0-0.7. Complex I appears at neutral pH and stabilizes a portion of DNA. Complex II is observed at acidic pH, destabilizes a fraction of the DNA double-helical molecule, and produces intrastrand cross-links. Complex III occurs at all pHs, is maximal at intermediate pH values, and is characterized by a noncooperative melting profile and cross-linking at low pH (less than 6.0). The DNA in complexes II and III can be renatured by treatment with either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a high concentration of sodium chloride. The properties of complexes I and II are consistent with what could be expected for DNA complexes of Al(OH)2+ and Al3+, respectively. Complex III has intermediate properties that are consistent with a structure in which both ions bind the DNA simultaneously. The characteristics of complex III depend on the ratio of Al3+/Al(OH)2+ in solution. Aluminum-DNA complexes differ from other metal-DNA complexes in that melting profiles under many conditions are biphasic. Apparently more than one form of DNA can exist at any time in the presence of aluminum. The different DNA-aluminum complexes, which arise from the multiple species of aluminum in aqueous solution, lead to a variety of reactions with DNA.
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PMID:Interaction of aluminum species with deoxyribonucleic acid. 747 Apr 44

The purpose of this study was to determine whether encapsulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in liposomes enhances its vasoactive effects. Liposomes were formed from a solution of VIP in phospholipids and cholesterol, resulting in incorporation of 0.008 mole peptide/mole phospholipid. Leakage of VIP from the liposomes was undetectable over several days of incubation at 4 degrees C in 0.15 M sodium chloride. Under conditions permitting rapid hydrolysis of VIP by trypsin, there was no breakdown of the encapsulated peptide. Increasing concentrations of the liposome-encapsulated VIP administered intravenously to anesthetized hamsters produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure. The duration and magnitude of the hypotensive effect of the encapsulated VIP was significantly greater (p < 0.05) compared to equivalent concentrations of the unencapsulated peptide. Infusion of empty liposomes was without significant effect on the mean arterial blood pressure. We conclude that encapsulation of VIP in liposomes potentiates the blood pressure-lowering effect of the peptide.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide encapsulated in liposomes: effects on systemic arterial blood pressure. 815 24

Previously Vilker et al. (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 79(2), (1981)) reported the osmotic pressure of concentrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) up to 475 g/L in 0.15 M sodium chloride at pH 4.5, 5.4, and 7.4. The authors used a semiempirical model based on Donnan theory to predict the osmotic pressure with good agreement. However, the formal application of a three-term virial expansion with the coefficients determined from the potential energy of interaction between BSA molecules resulted in poor agreement with their data. In this study, modeling of the osmotic pressure was reexamined using a free-solvent model that considered average solute-solvent and microion-solute interactions in a mole fraction concentration variable. The resulting fits were excellent for all three pH. The model is designed with no fitted parameters; however, the model results were highly sensitive to the selected hydration and microion binding. Therefore the hydration was further regressed from its initial estimate of 1 g H2O/g BSA (based on water-17O magnetic resonance studies of other globular proteins) to minimize the least-squares error between the predicted values and data. The resulting average hydration was determined to be 1.14 +/- 0.03 g H2O/g BSA for all pH values. However, the standard error in hydration for each pH was no greater than +/-0.0063 g H2O/g BSA. These results demonstrate that solvent-solute interaction and the concentration variable may be critical factors when evaluating osmotic pressure data of concentrated protein solutions. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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PMID:Understanding Nonidealities of the Osmotic Pressure of Concentrated Bovine Serum Albumin. 979 70

Sodium di(n-octyl) phosphinate was synthesized, purified, and used as a surfactant to form reverse micelles in isooctane at (22 +/- 1) degrees C by the contact method, which yields a Winsor II system. Two cosurfactants were investigated: decanol and di(n-octyl) phosphinic acid, and the ionic strength of the aqueous phase was adjusted with sodium chloride. For both cosurfactants, a minimum mole ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant was required to form reverse micelles and solubilize an appreciable amount of water in the organic phase. The maximum water uptake was obtained at this minimum mole ratio. No water uptake was obtained above a maximum value of the mole ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant. The maximum mole ratio was about 1 for di(n-octyl) phosphinic acid independent of acid concentration. For n-decanol, the maximum mole ratio decreased from about 3 to about 1 as the alcohol concentration increased from 0.15 to 0.30 m. The maximum water uptake increased with increasing cosurfactant concentration. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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PMID:Reverse Micelle Formation Using a Sodium Di(n-Octyl) Phosphinate Surfactant. 1048 12

Epidermal nevus syndrome is seldom encountered, and its association with hypermelanosis and the chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has never been reported. A male neonate who developed intractable seizures and hyponatremia soon after birth is reported. He had alopecic patches on the scalp at birth. Large areas of skin hyperpigmentation, and epidermal nevi developed gradually. The clinical picture of hypotonic hyponatremia, high urine osmolality, elevated urine sodium, and euvolemia was compatible with SIADH. The seizures did not correlate with the hyponatremia, and no other cause for the seizures could be identified. The hyponatremia became chronic and was treated with a direct supply of sodium chloride. The development of the patient was markedly delayed at the last visit when he was 1 year of age. It is suggested that hypermelanosis and chronic SIADH may also be a variant presentation of epidermal nevus syndrome.
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PMID:Epidermal nevus syndrome with hypermelanosis and chronic hyponatremia. 1073 24


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