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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have prepared ionic liquids by mixing either iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC). Iron(II) chloride forms ionic liquids from a mole ratio of 1 FeCl(2)/3 BMIC to almost 1 FeCl(2)/1 BMIC. Both Raman scattering and ab initio calculations indicate that FeCl(4)(2-) is the predominant iron-containing species in these liquids. Iron(III) chloride forms ionic liquids from a mole ratio of 1 FeCl(3)/1.9 BMIC to 1.7 FeCl(3)/1 BMIC. When BMIC is in excess, Raman scattering indicates the presence of FeCl(4-). When FeCl(3) is in excess, Fe(2)Cl(7-) begins to appear and the amount of Fe(2)Cl(7-) increases with increasing amounts of FeCl(3). Ionic liquids were also prepared from a mixture of FeCl(2) and FeCl(3) and are discussed. Finally, we have used both Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methods to compute the optimized structures and vibrational spectra for these species. An analysis of the results using an all-electron basis set, 6-31G, as well as two different effective core potential basis sets, LANL2DZ and CEP-31G is presented.
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PMID:Ionic liquids based on FeCl(3) and FeCl(2). Raman scattering and ab initio calculations. 1132 6

Twenty-two surgical biopsy specimens from patients with pigmented skin neoplasms were studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 11 patients who had a histological verified diagnosis of melanoma; 2) 10 patients who were diagnosed as having nevi with lentiginous melanocytic dysplasia; 3) 1 patient who had an unclear diagnosis of presumptively, nevus with melanocytic dysplasia. By applying fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by means of a Vysis LSI RREBI/LSI MYB/LSI CCNDI/ CEP 6 probe, the authors employed to test a new probe designed for the genetic diagnosis of melanoma by FISH studies and confirmed in all the 22 patients the diagnosis previously made from the results of the routine histological study and the presumptive diagnosis in 1 patient. Furthermore, it should be noted that multiple genetic disorders were revealed in 3 patients (14% of the total sample and 30% of the sample of patients diagnosed as having nevus with lentiginous melanocytic dysplasia) in the absence of the morphological criteria of melanoma. The patients with such disorders belong to a risk group and need a more meticulous further follow-up.
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PMID:[Molecular biological approaches to differential diagnosis of skin melanoma]. 1993 98

Turner syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome abnormality with a frequency of 1/2,000-3,000 among female live births. Characteristic findings are short stature and gonadal dysgenesis. Short and webbed neck, low posterior hairline, broad chest, widespread nipples, cubitus valgus, short 4th and 5th metacarpals, multiple pigmented nevi, primary amenorrhea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, cardiovascular and renal anomalies are the most common presentations. Most of the cases are infertile. Spontaneous pregnancy is unusual and the risk for congenital anomaly, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and aneuploidy is increased. Fifty percent of the patients have classical monosomy X (45,X). However mosaicism of 45,X/47,XXX is rare and accounts for 1.7% of the TS cases. Some cases may not reflect the characteristic phenotype. Some cases with normal height, normal menstrual cyclus and fertility have been defined before. The case we present herein is a 26 years old woman who was admitted to our clinic due to recurrent pregnancy loss. In her medical history she had type 1 diabetes mellitus and endometrium cancer, in her family history her mother had recurrent pregnancy loss. The patient's first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pregnancies had resulted in spontaneous abortions in the first trimester. She had a healthy daughter with 46,XX karyotype from her second pregnancy. A 45,X[8]/47,XXX[12] karyotype was detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis of the patient who did not have dysmorphic findings. The mosaicism was confirmed by FISH analysis with CEP X probe. Of the 100 cells evaluated, 65 of them had 3 signals of X chromosome while 35 had 1 signal. We present the case because of its scarcity in the literature.
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PMID:A fertile patient with 45X/47XXX mosaicism. 2604 4