Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipids were isolated from 6 patients suffering from schizophrenia and also from 6 age-matched healthy controls. The extracted lipids were fractionated into erythrocyte and plasma lipids. Column and thin-layer chromatography on silica gel were employed further to isolate the extracts into sub-classes within the major neutral and polar lipid classifications. The fatty acid composition of each sub-class was then monitored by gas chromatography after transmethylation. A significantly higher proportion of linolenic acid (18:3w3) was found in schizophrenics when compared with the controls. The change was reflected in both the neutral lipids and phospholipids from plasma and erythrocytes of the patients. On average, 8.7 +/- 2.6 and 3.9 +/- 1.5 mole % linolenate/100 mg lipid extract were obtained from the plasma of patients and healthy controls, respectively, while 8.6 +/- 2.3 and 3.0 +/- 1.2 mole/% linolenate/100 mg lipid were recorded from the red blood cells. The other fatty acids investigated did not show such significant differences between patient and healthy subject. A net increase in the amount of total fatty acid was recorded in the patients and it is thought that either linolenate alone or linolenate together with other polyunsaturated fatty acids not considered here are responsible for these observations. Correlations of these findings with the pathology of schizophrenia are discussed.
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PMID:Fatty acid profiles in mental disease. Part 1. Linolenate variations in schizophrenia. 52 38

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant KD46 (ole 2), which is unable to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, was grown on limiting amounts of different added unsaturated fatty acids. The acyl chain composition of the cellular lipid classes was determined in these cultures at different stages or growth. During growth on added oleic acid, there was no marked change in the mole percentage of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine. phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidylserine among the total phospholipids. Cells grown on palmitoleic, oleic, or linoleic acid showed a steady decrease in their total phospholipid levels per cell concomitant with a decrease in growth rate approaching minimal levels at stationary phase. Furthermore, the mole percentage of the supplemented unsaturated fatty acid in the cellular phospholipids also decreased during growth and attained minimal values when growth ceased. At stationary phase the total phospholipid content per cell was similar for cells grown on a wide range of fatty acids or mixtures thereof, whereas the composition of the fatty acids in the cellular phospholipids were strikingly different. The differences in efficiencies for supporting growth of most of the unsaturated fatty acids tested did not seem due to the extent of their corporation into cellular phospholipids, but rather to differences in the ability of the derived membrane phospholipids to support cellular functions. Palmitoleate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, eicosapentaenoate, and docosahexaenoate all appeared to contribute to the functionality of cellular membranes in an additive linear manner. Thus, the contribution of these acids to cellular growth can be characterized by a functionality factor that seems independent of the mixtures of acids supporting growth. Use of the functionality concept allows the cumulative influence of many different acids to be summarized quantitatively by a single number rather than resorting to qualitative decriptions of the degree of unsaturation or 'fitness' of the membrane phospholipids.
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PMID:Quantitative effects of unsaturated fatty acids in microbial mutants. IV. Lipid composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae when growth is limited by unsaturated fatty acid supply. 76 24

Male weanling rats were fed a diet that contained 2.1% ethyl oleate, 1% ethyl linoleate, and 0.2% ethyl linolenate. After 4 weeks all the linoleate was replaced by the deuterium-labeled analog and the animals were killed 4 days later. The molar fraction of total 20:4(n-6) in liver, heart, and kidney phospholipids containing deuterium was 33.9, 8.9, and 13.3%, respectively. Second, animals were preconditioned by incorporating either 0.2% of 18:3(n-6), 20:3(n-6), or 20:4(n-6) into the above diet and again after 4 weeks all the linoleate was replaced with the labeled analog. Now the molar fraction of labeled 20:4(n-6) in liver phospholipids from these three groups of animals was reduced from 33.9 to 27.1, 23.9, and 24.1% respectively. In contrast, there was little change in the specific activity of 20:4(n-6) in heart and kidney phospholipids. The third protocol was a direct crossover study in that again unlabeled linoleate was fed during the entire period. Four days prior to killing the unlabeled 18:3(n-6), 20:3(n-6), and 20:4(n-6) were replaced with the deuterium-labeled analogs. The mole % of total esterified 20:4(n-6) in liver phospholipids was now 24.6, 32.0, and 26.2%, respectively. Even though 18:3(n-6), 20:3(n-6), and 20:4(n-6) were all fed at only 20% of the level of 18:2(n-6), it can be calculated that the molar fraction of esterified 20:4(n-6) in liver phospholipids was between 65 to 77% of that found when 18:2(n-6) was the only dietary (n-6) acid as under these conditions 33.9 mol % of the 20:4(n-6) was labeled. Interestingly, when deuterium-labeled 18:3(n-6), 20:3(n-6), or 20:4(n-6) was fed, the specific activity of esterified 20:4(n-6) in kidney and heart phospholipids was always equal to or greater than what was derived from deuterium-labeled 18:2(n-6). The results show that under steady-state dietary conditions, (n-6) dietary fatty acids are processed in different ways by liver, heart, and kidney.
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PMID:Metabolism of deuterium-labeled linoleic, 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic, and arachidonic acids in the rat. 855 78