Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histologic, pharmacologic, and exchange transplant studies were performed on a patient with nevus anemicus. Histologic examination disclosed no abnormalities. The only pharmacologic stimulus that produced erythema within the nevus was the alpha-blocking agent, phentolamine mesylate. Results of the transplant studies demonstrated donor dominance. This suggests that the defect in the nevus anemicus is attributable to increased sensitivity of the blood vessels to catecholamines rather than to increased alpha-adrenergic stimulation.
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PMID:Nevus anemicus. Donor-dominant defect. 31 17

The presence of various types of birthmarks was determined in 1,058 newborn infants under 72 hours of age. Of these, 79.5% were white, 6.2% were black, 11.2% were ladinos, and 2.6% were Asiatic. Mongol spots were present in 9.6% of the white babies, 95.5% of the black babies, 81% of the Asiatic babies, and 70.1% of ladino infants. Pigmented lesions were present in 42 (4%) of the infants. Biopsies obtained in 34 (3.2%) revealed that only one-third (11) of these were melanocytic nevi. Salmon patches were present in 40.3% of the infants, recognizable early strawberry marks in 2.6%, and port-wine strains in 0.3%. In addition to birthmarks, it was determined that 30.3% of the 508 babies examined at one of the two hospitals had toxic erythema of the newborn.
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PMID:The incidence of birthmarks in the neonate. 95 Nov 36

To investigate the UV effect on epidermal melanocytes, 21 volunteers and 11 patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) received UVB irradiation three times weekly during 17 days. Skin biopsies were taken before and three weeks after the last irradiation (on day 37) from exposed and covered buttock skin. The epidermal melanocyte population density was estimated in dopa-stained split skin preparations. The biopsies taken on day 37 revealed that repeated UVB irradiation induces an increase in the number of melanocytes not only in exposed but also in covered skin. This increased mitotic activity might be a link between sun exposure and melanoma development in covered skin. The size of the proliferative response was inversely correlated to the basal melanocyte number. The larger population increase in skin with few melanocytes might amplify the propagation of DNA damage and increase the likelihood of tumor development. The pigment metabolite 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) was measured in urine before the irradiation and twice weekly until day 38. No correlation was found between the basal 5-S-CD excretion and the size or activity of the melanocyte organ, suggesting that the basal 5-S-CD excretion is mainly of non-melanocytic origin. Despite numerous nevi, DNS-patients did not differ from controls in their 5-S-CD excretion. The normal upper range for the tumor maker 5-S-CD is therefore valid in these melanoma-prone subjects. During the irradiation, subjects with a low tanning ability developed a more pronounced erythema and excreted more 5-S-CD than those with a good tanning ability. This suggests that the UVB-induced 5-S-CD excretion is rather due to melanocyte damage than to an increased melanin synthesis. To investigate the influence of sun exposure on the development of nevi and melanoma (CMM), the distribution over the body surface of CMM, common nevi (CN) greater than or equal to 2 mm and dysplastic nevi (DN) was registered in 121 melanoma patients and 310 controls. Four times as many nevi were found in a sun-exposed area than in a comparable sun-protected area, demonstrating that sun exposure plays an important role in nevus development. Subjects with DNA had a larger difference in nevus counts between the two areas than subjects without DN, indicating a different UV-dose and/or a higher sensitivity to the "nevogenic" effect of UV-light than subjects without DN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Melanocytes, moles and melanoma--a study on UV effects. 181 38

A red-violet, rhomboid-shaped mark on the sacrum of 25 children is described. It is recognized, for the first time, as a part of the nevus flammeus simplex distribution; it is less common than the erythema nuchae or the facial salmon patch. It has the tendency to disappear more slowly than other forms of nevus flammeus simplex. No further investigations seem indicated.
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PMID:Butterfly-shaped mark: a variant form of nevus flammeus simplex. 203 12

Histologic features of dysplastic nevi include varying degrees of pattern atypia, cytologic atypia, and host response. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence of these histologic features in benign acquired nevi. Fifty-eight junctional and compound nevi from 26 volunteer subjects were excised and examined. All nevi met each of the following criteria: 5 mm or less in diameter, symmetric, round or slightly oval, uniform pigmentation, distinct and regular margins, and no erythema. One or more of the histologic features associated with dysplastic nevi were present in 87.8% of the lesions; two or more were present in 69%; and all three histologic features were found in 29.3%. These results indicate that histologic features of dysplastic nevi occur in benign common acquired nevi.
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PMID:Histologic atypia in clinically benign nevi. A prospective study. 174 40

A group of 420 neonates underwent total cutaneous and oral mucosal examinations during the first week of life. Skin lesions were seen in almost every baby (99.3%). The eight most common dermatoses were desquamation (65.0%), Epstein's pearls (56.0%), sebaceous hyperplasia (48.0%), milia (36%), toxic erythema (34.8%), salmon patch (33.8%), hypertrichosis (29.0%), and Mongolian spot (25.5%). Congenital melanocytic nevi were clinically diagnosed in 9 of 420 babies (2.1%); the majority of the lesions were small, that is, less than 1.5 cm in diameter. These neonates had a dark complexion (all had brown or black hair, and most had an olive skin color) and came from families with no previous history of cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, all 19 babies with a previous family history of melanoma had a fair complexion (blond or light brown hair and alabaster skin color) but no congenital melanocytic nevi. These findings may suggest that small congenital melanocytic nevi are markers for persons with a decreased risk of melanoma, because dark-skinned persons are at a lower risk. On the other hand, small congenital melanocytic nevi may be precursors of melanoma. Only prospective studies will determine the magnitude of this risk and thereby optimize management.
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PMID:A prevalence survey of dermatoses in the Australian neonate. 236 80

A case of hemihypertrophy associated with multiple anomalies of the skin, bone and visceral organs is presented. A 31-year-old female was admitted for evaluation of her skin conditions. Her family history is noncontributory, while her past history discloses operations for syndactyly of the right foot, tonsillar hypertrophy, anal prolapse and ovarial cyst. Erythemas of the face and the left upper extremity were noticed during the neonatal period and hypertrophy of the right side of the body started at age 2 months. On admission, hemihypertrophy was observed in the face, trunk and extremities. Multiple faint nevi flammei were seen on the right half of the face and on the left side of the trunk and extremities. Telangiectasis and nevus anemicus were seen in the upper chest. The left upper extremity showed diffuse brown patches that was histologically basal pigmentation with some giant melanosomes. Visceral anomalies consisted of fibromatous tumors of the tip of the tongue and mitral prolapse. Angiography and computed tomography revealed a possible arteriovenous malformation of the right occipital region, small hemangiomas around the patella, dilation of the lateral ventricle, and calcification of the choroid plexus. Tortuous superficial veins were noted in the right leg. She had no seizure, but her IQ was 68. The bone disorders consisted of scoliosis, short forth metacarpus, hypoplastic mandible and peroneal exostosis. Examination revealed a slight diminution of urinary corticosteroid, but no other endocrinological disorders were found. The hemihypertrophy in this case is at least partially due to an arteriovenous shunt, suggested by elevated oxygen saturation of the blood obtained from the internal saphenous vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Congenital hemihypertrophy associated with cutaneous pigmento-vascular, cerebral, visceral and bone abnormalities]. 282 Feb 92

The human skin is submitted to solar, essentially ultraviolet radiation (UVR), aggressions, and develops, for sufficient doses, erythema and pigmentation. The individual sun-sensitivity depends on the nature and the quantity of melanins present in the epidermis. These parameters are inherited as genetic traits which account for the large variations of the constitutive and adaptive pigmentation encountered in the caucasian populations. From red-haired skin-sensitive individuals, to dark-haired sun-resistant individuals, phaeomelanins (red) and eumelanins (black) are mixed in variable proportions. Pure melanins extracted from red hairs and black hairs behave differently when submitted to ultraviolet radiations: phaeomelanins develop aggressive species of molecules responsible for DNA damages, mutations, and cell death. On the contrary, eumelanins are less toxic for the major cellular metabolisms. The sun-sensitive populations suffer from more skin cancer of all types than the dark ones. In particular, they are exposed significantly to higher risk of melanoma and to the risk of bearing more nevi following large solar exposures early in the life.
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PMID:Photo-induced events in the human melanocytic system: photoaggression and photoprotection. 307 May 23

5-S-Cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) is found in all pigment-producing cells and is the major precursor of phaeomelanin. However, the melanocyte specificity of the compound has been questioned. In order to elucidate the origin of 5-S-CD, we have now systematically studied the relationship between the 5-S-CD excretion in urine and the size of the melanocyte organ, UV-induced melanocyte proliferation, skin type, and the erythemal reaction. The skin type had no influence on the basal excretion of 5-S-CD. There was no significant correlation between the basal 5-S-CD excretion and the size of the melanocyte organ; that is, the number of skin melanocytes and nevi. During the irradiation, subjects with skin type II developed a more pronounced erythema (p less than 0.01) and had a significantly higher 5-S-CD excretion than those with skin type III-IV (p less than 0.01). No correlation was found between 5-S-CD excretion and UV-induced melanocyte proliferation. The lack of correlation between the basal 5-S-CD excretion and skin type or number of melanocytes suggests that the basal 5-S-CD in urine is mainly of extra-melanocytic origin. Our findings favor the view that the increase in 5-S-CD excretion during UV irradiation is due to UV damage.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in relation to skin type, UVB-induced erythema, and melanocyte proliferation in human skin. 313 73

Chemexfoliation (chemical peeling) is being used to obtain both therapeutic (e.g., actinic keratoses) and cosmetic (e.g., removal of fine facial rhytides) benefits. Phenol, one of the most widely used agents for inducing cutaneous exfoliation, may induce cardiac arrhythmias and is toxic to the liver and kidneys. Trichloroacetic acid is not significantly absorbed and therefore does not produce systemic complications. Both phenol and trichloroacetic acid may produce hypertrophic scars and/or keloids and pigmentation irregularities, may accentuate preexisting abnormalities (e.g., telangiectasias, nevi, and pores), and may be associated with a flare of latent herpesvirus infection. Prolonged erythema of the treated areas and persistent rhytids have been reported with both agents.
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PMID:Chemexfoliation--indications and cautions. 361 40


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