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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and experimental evidence explaining and supporting the role of UV radiation as a causal factor for the induction and promotion of nonmelanoma and malignant melanoma skin cancer are presented. While there is excellent animal experimental data and human epidemiologic evidence supporting the causal relationship of UVR (UVB, as well as UVA radiation) for basal and squamous cell carcinomas, the data establishing a direct causal relationship between melanoma and exposure to sunlight appear to be complex. They do, however, suggest a definite promotional role of sunlight in the causation of melanoma. Using a hairless pigmented mouse strain (Skh-hr2), experiments were initiated to examine the role of UVR in the induction of melanoma. A single application of DMBA as an initiator and subsequent thrice-weekly exposures to either UVB (290-320 nm) or UVA (320-400 nm) or the combined exposures of UVA and UVB resulted in the formation of blue nevus-like lesions. Repeated UVR exposures for over 30 weeks resulted in the development of melanoma (38%), as well as lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma only in those mice that were pretreated with DMBA and had developed nevi. Mice receiving UVB, UVA, or the combination treatments of UVB plus UVA without DMBA pretreatment developed papillomas and squamous cell carcinoma but no melanoma. These studies indicate that some initiation event is essential to transform melanocytes to blue nevus-like lesions before UVR (UVB + UVA) can act as a promoter and accelerate the development of malignant melanoma, as as well as lymphoma.
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PMID:Ultraviolet radiation and the development of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. 176 52

We examined the role of UVR (UV radiation) (UVA, 320-400 nm; UVB, 290-320 nm; and the combination of UVA and UVB) as a promoter in the induction of cutaneous melanoma. One hundred and seventy hairless mice (Skh-hr2), 6-8 weeks old, were treated in 8 groups: group I, DMBA [7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene] plus UVA; group II, DMBA plus UVA plus UVB; group III, DMBA plus UVB; group IV, DMBA; group V, UVA; group VI, UVA plus UVB; group VII, UVB; group VIII, control. DMBA (0.5% solution) was applied once to promote the formation of dermal melanocytic nevus-like lesions while UVR treatments were conducted 3 times/week for 30 weeks. The mice were examined periodically for the development of multiple pigmented lesions, papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas. Treatment with DMBA plus UVA, DMBA plus UVB, and DMBA plus UVA plus UVB stimulated the development of multiple pigmented nevus-like lesions (85-100%) in mice of groups I, II, III, and IV. Upon necroscopy, 27-33% of animals in groups I, II, and III receiving UVR treatments developed clinically and histologically characterized melanomas. Treatment with DMBA alone did not produce melanomas. DMBA-treated animals in groups I, II, and III which received UVR treatments also developed lymphomas (21-50%). Animals treated with DMBA alone or those that received UVB or the combination of UVB plus UVA (without DMBA) developed only papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (25-47%). Skin tumors were analyzed for the presence of point mutations in the ras gene. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA and selective oligonucleotide hybridization revealed mutations in the 61st codon of the N-ras gene in the precursor nevus-like lesions and melanoma samples studied. This study suggests that UVR (both UVA and UVB) plays a role as a promoter in the stimulation of melanoma and lymphoma development in hairless mice.
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PMID:Role of ultraviolet radiation in the induction of melanocytic tumors in hairless mice following 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene application and ultraviolet irradiation. 190 31

A 15-year-old girl with the typical signs and symptoms of the CHILD syndrome (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) is described. Associated ipsilateral anomalies included systematized hypotrichosis, fused vertebrae, hemivertebrae, pelvic hypoplasia and renal agenesis. During a careful inquiry, her mother reported that during her own adolescence she had linear ichthyosiform skin changes localized in 3 different regions of her body. These plaques had disappeared spontaneously in early adulthood, leaving permanent lesions in the form of hairless streaks and a dystrophic fingernail. Hence this is the first report of a mother-to-daughter transmission of this genodermatosis, lending further support to the proposed concept of X-linked dominant inheritance with lethality for male embryos. We conclude that the mother of a girl suffering from the CHILD syndrome cannot be considered to be unaffected unless a meticulous examination of her skin and bones has ruled out even minimal signs of involvement.
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PMID:[CHILD syndrome in a mother and daughter]. 231 40

To study whether fluorescent lighting at work might increase carcinogenesis, hairless mice were exposed to a bank of six 36 W standard fluorescent lamps (neutral-white) every workday for 8 h at an illuminance level of 1,000 lx. For comparison, other mice were exposed to UVB radiation or to simulated solar radiation. In experiment A the animals were irradiated for 6 weeks prior to the application of 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene once and--following an interval of 2 days--for 10 weeks after DMBA application. The number of blue nevi and papillomas was enhanced by exposure to all spectra 10 weeks after chemical tumor induction. In experiment B the animals were irradiated for 6 weeks prior to the transplantation of UV-induced fibrosarcoma cells from syngeneic mice into the dorsal and ventral skin. Within the following 4 months fibrosarcoma developed in the dorsal skin exposed to the fluorescent lighting and to the UVB radiation, as well as in the non-irradiated ventral skin of 10-20% of the mice. The results suggest that fluorescent lighting as used in certain work environments may increase carcinogenesis caused by other factors.
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PMID:Fluorescent lighting enhances chemically induced papilloma formation and increases susceptibility to tumor challenge in mice. 309 30

Becker's nevus is a benign lesion that may be congenital or acquired, macular or papular, hairless or hypertrichotic. It is most commonly located on the upper trunk of young men. Histologic examination shows characteristic changes, but dermal nevus cells are never present. Bony and soft tissue structural anomalies occur with increased frequency in patients with Becker's nevus.
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PMID:Becker's nevus. 328 6

The Eimer's organ and adjacent structures and their changes after infraorbital axotomy was examined with LM, TEM and SEM in the Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus talpoides. Approximately 3,000 of Eimer's organ covers the hairless snout tip of this animal. It protrudes to the corium from epidermis, and consists of column-shaped core and the cylindrical peripheral structures. About a dozen of naked fibers ascend vertically in the core; one or a few of them runs amidst the core and the others along its circumferential part. Each fiber has shelf-like endings one in each of 5 to 7 succeeding cells in the upper part of the core. At the uppermost part of the core structure is an opaque degenerating cell. Neurites were considered to grow up with the epidermal cells to which their endings are attached. This pattern of nerve ending was clearly observed for the first time in this study. Usually 3 Merkel cells lie at the base of an Eimer's organ contacting with a soup-plate-shape nerve terminal. In the dermis, an encapsulated corpuscle enveloping a nerve endings is found underneath each Eimer's organ. After axotomy, ipsilateral nerve fibers and their endings totally disappeared from Eimer's organ in a week. Perforation in the domes, flattening of the dome surface, and degeneration of the encapsulated corpuscles appeared on the transected side. In addition to this, several features of degeneration also appeared on the contralateral side. It might be considered as an effect of disuse from the disorders of the other side.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of the Eimer's organs of the Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus talpoides (Insectivora, Mammalia) and their changes following infraorbital axotomy. 340 Aug 78

The present experiments were initiated to study the effects of morphine, nefopam and paracetamol in the naked mole-rat, a hairless rodent that lives in subterranean colonies of up to 300, following the inability to demonstrate morphine analgesia in the hot-plate test in the rodent. The formalin test was used. Injection of 20 microliters 10% formalin produced two periods of high licking and pain behaviour, the early (0-5 min) and the late phase (15-60 min). Morphine (10 or 20 mg/kg), nefopam (10 or 20 mg/kg) and paracetamol (200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the two phases. Paracetamol (400 mg/kg) produced significant analgesia only during the late phase. It is concluded that, unlike in the hot-plate test, it is possible to demonstrate the analgesic effects of morphine in the naked mole-rat, in the formalin test.
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PMID:The formalin test in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber): analgesic effects of morphine, nefopam and paracetamol. 842 79

Cellular blue nevi (CBN) are benign tumors of the skin derived from dermal melanocytes histologically characterized by increased cellularity and often by a dual cell population of nevoid cells. CBN rarely tend to invade the underlying tissues. Only six cases of CBN of the scalp invading the skull have been reported. A new case of a CBN infiltrating the underlying bone is presented. The patient, a 23-year-old woman, had a large hairless area on her right parietal scalp, present since the early months of life. Her past medical history included, on the same site, the presence, at birth, of a raised, dark, soft and hairless mass that was subsequently electrodesiccated. Radiographs of the skull showed an area of osteolysis underlying the cutaneous lesion. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a CBN of the scalp infiltrating the underlying bone. Surgical resection of the entire lesion was planned. There were no other anomalies or malignancies. The patient is currently being followed in our clinic.
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PMID:Cellular blue nevus of the scalp infiltrating the underlying bone: case report and review. 919 12

Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are fossorial, eusocial mammals that live in colonies averaging about 70 individuals. Metabolic regulation is of particular interest in this species because it is one of only two naturally occurring small mammals that are hairless. Further, relative to other small mammals, naked mole-rats exhibit low body temperature (Tb) and weak capacity to maintain Tb above the ambient temperature (Ta). The present study examined effects of Ta, norepinephrine (NE), and chronic food restriction on O2 consumption (as a measure of metabolism) in naked mole-rats. Studies were performed in both awake and anesthetized animals. Metabolic rate decreased with increasing T. over the range of 23-34 degrees C in awake mole-rats, whereas in anesthetized animals rates of O2 consumption were very low over this entire range of Ta and tended to increase with increasing Ta. Injections of NE led to rapid increases in metabolic rate at all Tas in anesthetized subjects and also at Ta = 34 degrees C in awake mole-rats. However, at Tas of 29 and 23 degrees C, awake subjects given NE showed little stimulation of O2 consumption beyond the already elevated baseline rates observed at these Tas. During chronic restriction of food to 60-70% of their normal daily consumption mole-rats exhibited decreased rates of metabolism; metabolic rate was not altered following several hours of acute food deprivation. Food consumption remained somewhat decreased after a period of chronic food restriction, even when animals were returned to ad lib conditions. However, body weights returned to prerestriction values, despite the continued reduction in ad lib food intake. These observations suggest that mole-rats may be capable of long-lasting metabolic adaptations as a means to cope with restricted food supply. These findings are discussed in relation to adaptation of this fossorial species to a habitat where food has a patchy distribution. Naked mole-rats, with their several unusual thermoregulatory and behavioral features, provide an intriguing model for studies of mammalian metabolic regulation.
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PMID:Factors influencing metabolic rate in naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber). 1035 34

A previously undescribed fact that a small number of apoptotic bodies are present in about 62% of abortive hair follicles of the organoid nevus is discovered. The immaturity and frequency of apoptosis in the hair follicles seemed to be closely related to the hairless condition of the organoid nevus.
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PMID:Apoptosis in abortive hair follicular components in the organoid nevus. 1041 95


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