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 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate the pathogenesis of posterior embryotoxon, we estimated its incidence in our clinic and evaluated its associated ocular and systemic anomalies. Slit-lamp and gonioscopic examinations were performed on 440 randomly selected patients at Nagoya City University Hospital over a 10-month period. Posterior embryotoxon was detected in 107, 50 bilateral and 57 unilateral, cases (24.3%). Twelve (11.2%) of the 107 cases had open-angle glaucoma. Accompanying ocular anomalies included six cases of sclerocornea, two each of persistent pupillary membrane and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and 1 each of melanocytoma of the optic nervehead, choroidal nevus and subconjunctival dermoid cyst. Associated systemic anomalies included three cases of Alagille syndrome, two of congenital biliary atresia, and one each of congenital facial palsy with microtia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, empty sella syndrome, Hirschsprung disease and Wilson disease. Many of these ocular and systemic anomalies were caused by the maldevelopment of neural crest cells. Patients with posterior embryotoxon should be examined for the possible presence of open-angle glucoma and for ocular and systemic anomalies related to maldevelopment of neural crest cells.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of posterior embryotoxon in one institution. 950 11

When performed by a trained examiner, ultrasonography (US) of the eye is a useful tool in diagnosing conditions of the ocular globe, especially when combined with ophthalmoscopy. Pathologic conditions of the ocular globe include several usual and unusual entities, most of which may be properly identified at US. For instance, the ocular globe may have an abnormal size or unusual morphologic characteristics. Lesions of the anterior chamber (eg, hyphema), lens (eg, cataract, luxation), and iris or ciliary bodies (eg, cysts) are usually seen at ophthalmoscopy but may also be depicted at US. Vitreous pathologic conditions may demonstrate echoes caused by various entities such as degeneration, asteroid hyalosis, hemorrhage, and infection, and lines are indicative of different types of detachment, including retinal, choroidal, and hyaloid detachment and retinoschisis. Posterior wall masses are usually tumors (eg, melanoma, metastasis, nevus, hemangioma) but may also result from subretinal hemorrhage or granulomas (from tuberculosis or histoplasmosis). Calcifications may be caused by drusen or be nonspecific. Foreign bodies may also be seen. Knowledge of ocular US techniques and protocols and familiarity with normal and pathologic imaging findings are critical in making a correct diagnosis.
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PMID:US of the eye made easy: a comprehensive how-to review with ophthalmoscopic correlation. 2297 37

The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of asymptomatic female Caucasian children with torpedo maculopathy. A 5-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for routine evaluation. The ophthalmic examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, without any changes in the biomicroscopy. Fundus examination showed normal findings in one eye, whereas in the contralateral eye it disclosed, in the temporal sector of the macular region, a whitish, atrophic, oval chorioretinal lesion with clearly defined margins. Posterior evaluations documented the stability of the lesion. Torpedo maculopathy diagnosis is based on its characteristic shape and peculiar location. The differential diagnosis has to be established versus choroidal lesions (melanoma and nevus), congenital or iatrogenic hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and particularly versus the congenital pigmented lesions associated with Gardner's syndrome.
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PMID:Torpedo maculopathy with an anisometropic amblyopia in a 5-year-old Caucasian girl: case report. 2406 41