Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze temporal lobe biopsies obtained from patients with epilepsy. Heat-stabilized cerebrum, dialyzed cytosolic macromolecules, and perchloric acid extracts were studied using one- and two-dimensional spectroscopy. Anterior temporal lobe neocortex was enriched in GABA, glutamate, alanine, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine. Subjacent white matter was enriched in aspartate, glutamine, and inositol. The N-acetylaspartate/creatine mole ratio was lower in anterior temporal neocortex with mesial (0.66) than neocortical (0.80) temporal lobe epilepsy. Human brain biopsy samples were separated into crude and refined synaptosomes, neuronal cell bodies, and glia using density gradient centrifugation. Neuronal fractions were enriched in glutamate and N-acetylaspartate. Glial cell fractions were enriched in lactate, glutamine, and inositol. The creatine content was the same in biopsied epileptic cortex (8.8-8.9 mmol/kg) and normal in vivo occipital lobe (8.9 mmol/kg). Glutamate content was higher in epileptic cortex at biopsy (10.1-10.5 mmol/kg) than normal in vivo occipital lobe (8.8 mmol/kg). GABA content was higher in biopsies of epileptic cortex (2.3-2.2 mmol/kg) than in normal in vivo occipital lobe (1.2 mmol/kg). N-acetylaspartate content was lower in biopsied epileptic temporal cortex (5.8-6.8 mmol/kg) than normal in vivo occipital lobe (8.9 mmol/kg). Paired in vivo and ex vivo measurements are critical for a firm understanding of the changes seen in the 1H-spectra from patients with epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Symbiosis between in vivo and in vitro NMR spectroscopy: the creatine, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and GABA content of the epileptic human brain. 875 Mar 37

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes impairment to the human immune system which leads to immunocompromised conditions, including ocular complications. Several important HIV-associated disorders may involve the anterior segment, ocular surface, and adnexae organ such as dry eye, blepharitis which reduce quality of life of patients. In present, potent antiretroviral therapies HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) has improved the length and quality of life which may lead to an increased prevalence of anterior segment ocular disorders. Hence, this study has been undertaken to identify the prevalence and associated factors of anterior segment and external ocular disorder in HIV infected patients in the era of HAART. A prospective descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in HIV positive patients conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Chiang Mai University Hospital, from February 2014 to October 2015. Detail history and ocular examination was carried out to examine for anterior segment and external ocular disorders. A total number of 363 patients were included for this prospective cross-sectional study. From the total of 363 patients, 123 patients had an anterior segment and external ocular disorder which account as the prevalence of 33.9%. The most common anterior segment manifestations was dry eye seen in 36 patients (9.9%), followed by posterior blepharitis (Meibomian gland dysfunction) seen in 23 patients (6.3%) and anterior blepharitis seen in 12 patients (3.3%). Other ocular complications included microvasculopathy, immune recovery uveitis, conjunctivitis, papilloma, anterior uveitis, corneal ulcer, nevus, trichiasis, molluscum contangiosum, Kaposi sarcoma, interstitial keratitis, conjunctival lymphangiectasia, dacryocystitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and eyelid penicilosis. In this study, the prevalance of anterior segment disorders was higher than in the preHAART era. Dry eye, blepharitis and uveitis were the top three most common anterior segment disorders in the HAART era. The statistical analysis showed no association between age, sex, CD4 count, duration of infection or receiving HAART and anterior segment disorders. Anterior segment abnormalities reduce the quality of life of patients, so ophthalmologists have to be aware and complete ocular examination should be performed in all HIV infected patients.
 ...
PMID:Anterior segment and external ocular disorders associated with HIV infections in the era of HAART in Chiang Mai University Hospital, a prospective descriptive cross sectional study. 2946 24