Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, 20 nevocellular nevi, 5 dysplastic nevi, 14 primary cutaneous melanomas, and 24 metastatic melanomas were tested with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants of Class I (HLA-A,B,C) and Class II (la-like) major histocompatibility complex antigens. Class I HLA and beta 2-microglobulins were not detected on the majority of nevus cells but were expressed by 3 of 5 dysplastic nevi, by the majority of tumor cells in 12 of 14 primary cutaneous melanomas, and in 13 of 24 metastases. The different expression of Class I HLA and beta 2-microglobulins in primary and metastatic lesions suggests that loss of these antigens may be associated with progression of malignancy. Class II HLA were not detected in common nevi but were locally present in 1 of 5 dysplastic nevi, 7 of 14 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma, and all 24 cases of metastatic lesions tested. These findings suggest that increase in Class II HLA expression may be associated with progression of malignancy. The staining patterns obtained with monoclonal antibodies to distinct determinants of Class I HLA and Class II HLA were superimposable within each type of antigen. Therefore, the discrepancies in the literature about the expression of histocompatibility antigens by lesions of melanocytic origin are not likely to reflect the different specificity of the antibodies used by the various investigators.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi with monoclonal antibodies to distinct monomorphic determinants of HLA antigens. 620 49

Comparing the cytogenetic and morphological data on cases of hyperplasia and neoplasia of the trophoblast allows some conditions to be better defined and separated. The term partial mole or embryonic mole should be replaced by the term triploid syndrome because of the especially strong correlation between the triploid caryotype and the special aspect of the placenta. Triploidy is usually the result of fecundation of a haploid ovule by two spermatozoids, probably due to the similarity of the haploids of the two parents, as is suggested by the study of HLA antigens. Classical hydatidiform mole, or perivillous trophoblastic hyperplasia, is usually discovered earlier, during an ultrasound examination or abortion and its histological diagnosis is easy. The caryotype of complete hydatidiform mole is diploid, nearly always XX, with the two sex chromosomes coming from the father (the maternal sex chromosome being eliminated). The caryotype of vesicular dystrophia without trophoblastic hyperplasia is, on the other hand, normal. Trophoblastic microcarcinomas have a better known presentation. And trophoblastic carcinomas are distinct from non-trophoblastic neoplasms which secrete HCG and from benign trophoblastic pseudo-tumors which are often non-secretory.
 ...
PMID:[Trophoblastic gestational diseases. Triploid syndrome, perivillous trophoblastic hyperplasia, trophoblastic pseudotumor, trophoblastic microcarcinoma and carcinoma]. 625 52

Quantitative data on the binding of murine monoclonal antibodies ot whole human lymphoblastoid lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are reported. Antibodies reacting with beta 2m or a common part of the HLA heavy chains and nonpolymorphic determinants of the DR dimer were used. The equilibrium constant (K) of the reaction and the total number of antigenic determinants was graphically estimated. For the above-mentioned antibodies, K ranged between 5 X 10(8) and 4 C 10(9) l/mole at 0 degrees C and progressively decreased with the increasing temperature. T cells expressed less HLA and beta 2M determinants than the B cells. The number of determinants per surface unit is higher on the B cell from PBL than on E.B. virus-transformed cell lines and is generally very low, suggesting that the complement-dependent cytotoxic activity is a phenomenon depending on membrane fluidity. A portion of beta 2m seems not to be bound to the HLA heavy chains on B cells as well as on T line surface, as already shown for Molt 4 line.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative analysis of cell surface HLA structures by means of monoclonal antibodies. 626 84

Complete mole is an abnormal human pregnancy which is characterized by grossly swollen villi in the absence of a fetus. It has been widely accepted that of all forms of pregnancy that leads to choriocarcinoma, the risk associated with moles is by far the highest, being 2000 to 4000 times greater than that of normal pregnancy or abortion (1). However there has been no direct proof that choriocarcinoma indeed derives from complete mole. In the present study, to shed some light on the genesis of trophoblastic tumor, chromosome, HLA and PGM1 polymorphisms were examined for complete moles and choriocarcinomas. As a result, it has been ascertained that complete mole was androgenetic in origin; the entire genome of the molar conceptus was paternally derived. More than ninety percent of cases were resulted from fertilization of an empty egg (i.e. the nucleus was either eliminated or inactivated) by a haploid sperm. The paternally derived haploid set then duplicated without cytokinesis and restored diploidy. This class of moles had invariably a 46, XX karyotype and was completely homozygous for any genetic markers. Fertilization of an empty egg by two spermatozoa could elucidate remaining cases. The androgenetic origin of complete mole has provided us with a means to directly evaluate the relationship between choriocarcinomas and their putative forerunners; complete homozygosity and exclusive inheritance of a paternal genome would be expected if the tumor arose from complete mole derived from the former mechanism. However, the heterozygosity observed in choriocarcinoma cells suggested that the tumor did not arise from moles which originated from the fertilization of an empty egg by a haploid sperm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A study for the genesis of trophoblastic tumor, with reference to its androgenetic origin]. 632 16

Hydatidiform moles can be divided into two distinct syndromes: partial, or transitional, and classic. Both classic and partial moles appear to result from abnormal fertilization but differ in the type of abnormal fertilization, karyotype, histology, epidemiology and malignant potential. Using chromosomal banding polymorphism, classic hydatidiform moles have been shown to be androgenetic in origin, developing from a sperm with the egg nucleus either absent or inactivated. No maternal chromosomes are transmitted to the classic mole. Studies using HLA and enzyme heterozygosity have suggested that fertilization occurs by a haploid sperm with duplication of its chromosomes and without cell division, giving the 46XX karyotype found in classic moles. About 4% of classic moles are 46XY and are also androgenetic but result from dispermic fertilization. The partial mole consists of hydropic villi, but some normal villi also are present. An embryo, cord and fetal membranes generally can also be found, and the karyotype frequently is aneuploid (usually triploid) and not the 46XX or 46XY of the classic mole. In contrast to the classic mole, the partial mole has a maternal chromosomal contribution. Preliminary data suggest that many partial moles arise from dispermic fertilization, with participation of the maternal genome giving a triploid karyotype. The malignant potential of the partial mole is still controversial, but preliminary data indicate that 2.1% of partial moles require treatment as compared to 10% of classic moles.
 ...
PMID:New concepts and questions in gestational trophoblastic disease. 636 Dec 52

In seven pedigrees displaying the familial atypical multiple mole-melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, three successive linkage analyses were performed between HLA and an assumed dominant gene determining respectively each of the following affected phenotypes: (1) precursor lesions, (2) cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), and (3) precursor lesions or CMM or both. Close linkage could be excluded in (1) and (3). However, if the transmission of malignant melanoma itself were assumed to be due to a single gene different from the one responsible for precursor lesions, a maximum lod score of 1.64 was observed at a recombination fraction of 5%, assuming low penetrance values. These different results are discussed in respect to the possible mechanisms causing the familial distribution of these traits. Two alternative hypotheses were proposed. Either the FAMMM syndrome is a rare genetic entity not closely linked to HLA or the association and transmission of precursor lesions and CMM in families are due to several factors among which HLA might play a role.
 ...
PMID:A linkage study between HLA and cutaneous malignant melanoma or precursor lesions or both. 659 9

There are at least two mechanisms of origin for complete mole, each with different genetic implications; 1) the fertilization of an empty egg by a haploid sperm and its subsequent duplication (homozygous mole), 2) the fertilization of such an egg by two haploid sperms, which produces an heterozygous constitution of allelic genes (heterozygous mole). The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the difference of origin would determine whether the moles underwent malignant transformation or not. By using of chromosomal, enzymatic and HLA polymorphisms, 35 moles were confirmed to be androgenetic in origin. Among them fifteen homozygous and 4 heterozygous moles were identified. The persistency of high HCG titration of the urine in the mother was observed in all 4 cases from the latter (4/4-100%), though the percentage of the development of sequelae in the former was low (1/15-6.7%). The diagnosis of destructive mole was established in the uterine lesion of 2 heterozygous moles by pathological examination. These two patients had lung metastases. A high incidence of sequelae after the expulsion of heterozygous moles suggests that the heterozygous constitution of allelic genes plays an important role in the process of malignant transformation of trophoblasts.
 ...
PMID:[The propensity to malignant changes in heterozygous moles]. 715 99

Echotomography and a caryotype were carried out on the liquor and at an interval of one week between the two, two series of hormone levels were also carried out on the liquor and on the peripheral venous blood of a molar triploid pregnancy diagnosed clinically. These results have been compared with those that are known to occur in hydatidiform mole, and in other case histories that have been published of embryonic mole. The histological appearance of the fetal gonads resembles that found in Klinefelter's syndrome. The tests carried out on the HLA systems of the parents and of the fetus favours a maternal origin for the extra chromosomal complement.
 ...
PMID:[Triploid embryonic molar pregnancy. Special aspects of one case (author's transl)]. 729 98

In 126 adult renal transplant recipients who had survived their transplantation for at least 8 years, we determined whether numbers of nevi and the presence of clinically atypical nevi were related to chronic sun exposure. On the basis of a skin examination, three groups were defined: patients with at least one clinically a typical nevus; patients with only clinically normal nevi: and patients without any nevi. The prevalence odds ratio of having any clinically atypical nevi as compared to having only clinically normal nevi was calculated in a logistic model, in relation to gender, skin type, age, sun exposure, and number of keratotic skin lesions present. Similarly, the prevalence odds ratio of having 30 or more nevi compared to fewer than 30 nevi was calculated. We found an inverse association between chronic sun exposure and age with numbers of nevi in adult renal transplant recipients. The presence of clinically atypical nevi was also inversely associated with chronic sun exposure, but this association disappeared after adjustment for age. We did not observe an association of nevi with the number of keratotic skin lesions, nor with humoral immune responses against human papillomavirus and the presence of certain HLA antigens, which are factors associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients. Chronic sun exposure and age appeared to be strong determinants for decreased numbers of nevi in adult renal transplant recipients. Infection with human papillomaviruses does not appear to play an important role.
 ...
PMID:Chronic sun exposure and age are inversely associated with nevi in adult renal transplant recipients. 861 35

The mobility of cell surface MHC molecules and their ability to form dynamic associations may be related to the physiological status of the cell and to the potential to bind effector T lymphocytes. To investigate these properties, we have prepared HLA DR specific monoclonal antibodies coupled in a 1:1 mole ratio to the fluorescent phycobiliprotein, R-phycoerythrin (PE). We show that these small particles can be sequentially imaged using a cooled slow-scan charge coupled device camera and hence can be used for single particle tracking experiments. We have applied this technique to investigate the movements of HLA DR molecules on fibroblasts transfected with human DR alpha and DR beta genes. PE-IgG was bound to the transfected fibroblasts and particle tracks were obtained by sequential imaging over a period of typically 30 minutes. Analysis of particle tracks revealed the presence of directed motion and domain-limited diffusion in addition to random diffusion. The contributions of these three types of motion showed cell to cell variability. Velocities of directed motion were of the order of 2 nm second-1 whilst domain diameters were in the range 200-800 nm. Diffusion coefficients for random diffusion were in the range 1 x 10(-13)-5 x 10(-12) cm2 second-1. The higher mobilities were observed for the lower intensity fluorescent spots, which possibly correspond to images of single particles. Much lower mobility was observed with a cell where the spot intensities were approximately double that of the lower intensity spots. These spots could be images of double particles implying the association of at least two HLA DR alpha beta dimers. These data are relevant to the study of MHC class II cell surface redistribution and antigen presentation in specific immunity.
 ...
PMID:Single particle tracking of cell-surface HLA-DR molecules using R-phycoerythrin labeled monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence digital imaging. 885 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>