Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The absorption of retina and uvea pigment is very high in infrared light of 700-1000 nm, whereas hemoglobin absorbs light of lower frequencies much better. Density-Slicing is performed by a computer receiving information from an infrared film. Pigments of nevi and melanomas are demonstratable by this method and tumor growth is possible to see as well.
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PMID:[Computer evaluation of infrared photos of the optic fundus. II. Clinical aspects (author's transl)]. 64 71

Forty-five immunocompetent patients with solid tumors were immunized with BCG, PPD, and tumor cells. The methods were practical, but the morbidity was significant, including painful draining ulcerations at vaccine sites, possible enhancement of tumor growth in three patients, and the discovery at autopsy of systemic tuberculosis in one patient. Various facets of cellular immunity were altered, namely: 1) a majority of the patients developed enhanced cutaneous reactions to the microbial skin-test antigens (particularly tuberculin) and tumor cells; 2) nine patients developed the equivalent of delayed hypersensitivity reactions or flares at all previous PPD and BCG inoculation sites following subsequent injection of these agents, which supports the concept of immunologic memory for these target antigens; 3) lesions resembling those of "spontaneous" regressed moles (halo-nevi) were observed at previous vaccine sites in 20 patients and generalized depigmentation occurred in three patients; 4) foreign body giant cells in tumor metastasis remote from BCG-PPD-tumor vaccine sites may indicate a cross-reactivity of microbial and tumor antigens; and 5) intralesional inoculation of the nonspecific agents (BCG, PPD, Varidase, and Mumps) resulted in dense mononuclear cell infiltration and complete regression of most of the injected lesions. Destruction of single or multiple lesions by local injections of antigens did not provide either significant regression of uninjected lesions or clinical benefit.
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PMID:Feasibility study of active immunotherapy in patients with solid tumors. 77 50

This study was carried out as a step toward clarifying the hormone responsiveness of mammary tumors in the F1 hybrid mice of the GR/A and SHN strains. Mammary tumors in SHN mice are pregnancy-independent while mammary tumors of GR/A mice are pregnancy-dependent. Females of each strain were mated with males of the other strain to produce F1 hybrids. They were subjected to forced breeding without subsequent lactation. Only animals with palpable mammary tumors during 2nd and 4th pregnancies were used. Mice received sc injections of several hormones, singly or in combination, daily from 1 day after parturition, i.e., .5 mcg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and of 100 mcg human placental lactogen (HPL). The dose of progesterone (P) before parturition was 100 mcg and after parturition 1 mg. A group received grafts of isologous pituitary glands under kidney capsules (3 AP) during Days 12-34 of pregnancy. 1 day after parturition each mouse was given a single ip injection of 50 micro Ci tritiated-thymidine (tritiated-TdR; 5 Cim/mole) along with the last injection of hormones. Animals were killed 2 hours later. Cyclic SHN mice with mammary tumors received tritiated-TdR, after 2 daily injections of hormones, for 3 days, or after 7-8 days of 3AP. The index of DNA synthesis was determined by a liquid scintillation countermeasuring tritiated-TdR incorporated with DNA. Some of the mice were bled 1 day after parturition and plasma prolactin assayed. Hormone responsiveness was similar among GR/A and both F1 hybrids in either normal or neoplastic glands. DNA synthesis of mammary tumors did not respond to any hormone used but normal glands were stimulated by the hormones. EB injection or 3AP did not alter tritiated-TdR incorporation. HPL injection stimulated DNA synthesis of normal glands but not of tumors. P significantly increased the synthesis of both normal and neoplastic mammary glands. EB and HPL injected with P also significantly promoted DNA synthesis of tumors, but did not increase synthesis in normal glands cuased by P. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly increased by EB injection or by 3AP but were not altered by P. In SHN mice DNA synthesis in mammary tumors was not altered by any hormone treatment but synthesis in normal glands was increased by all treatments. Findings suggest that the hormone-responsiveness of pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors in GR/A and its F1 hybrids is different from some other mammary tumors in mice and rats. Progesterone was more important than prolactin or estrogen for tumor growth. Although EB injection was without effect, intact mice were used so some endogenous estrogen may have participated in the effect. While hormone responsiveness of mammary tumors was different between GR/A and SHN mice, the tumors in both hybrids (BR/A with SHN F1 and SHN with GR/A F1) showed responses quite similar to those of tumors of GR/A mice. This suggests the dominance of the GR/A genotype over the SHN genotype for determining the biological characteristics of mammary tumors.
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PMID:Importance of progesterone in DNA synthesis of pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors in mice. 98 72

The anticarcinoma antibody BR64 was conjugated to a doxorubicin derivative, doxorubicin 13-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl]hydrazone, and the resulting conjugates (BR64-DOX) were evaluated for activity and immunological specificity in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models. The BR64-DOX immunoconjugates retained immunoreactivity and cytotoxicity and demonstrated antigen-specific cytotoxicity in vitro. The potency of BR64-DOX immunoconjugates in vitro was related to the drug:monoclonal antibody mole ratio of the conjugates. The antitumor activity of BR64-DOX conjugates was consistently superior to the maximal activity obtained with the parent drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in established human lung and human breast carcinoma xenograft models. The superior antitumor activity of BR64-DOX conjugates was reflected both in tumor growth inhibition and in regressions and cures of established tumors following the administration of tolerated doses of BR64-DOX. The antitumor activity of BR64-DOX conjugates was not the result of synergism between monoclonal antibody BR64 and DOX, because mixtures consisting of monoclonal antibody and optimized DOX were not more active than an equivalent dose of DOX administered alone. The antitumor activity of BR64-DOX conjugates was antigen specific; equivalent doses of nonbinding isotype-matched conjugates were not active against established tumor xenografts.
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PMID:Antigen-specific activity of carcinoma-reactive BR64-doxorubicin conjugates evaluated in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models. 138 45

T-506 is a novel synthetic FUDR derivative which releases FUDR slowly in vivo. We studied antitumor activity of T-506 by i.v. injection against mouse colon cancer, colon 26. When T-506 was administrated to mice daily, from day 1 through day 10, or every 3 days, on days 1, 4, 7, and 11, after s.c. inoculation of the tumor, the survival period was expanded significantly. The subcutaneous tumor growth was also inhibited according to the dose levels. Then, we compared the therapeutic effects on the experimental hepatic metastasis of colon 26 between T-506, 5'-DFUR and UFT at each maximal tolerable dose; that is, T-506 (0.074 m mole/kg/day; i.v. on days 1, 4, 7, and 10), 5'-DFUR (1.0 m mole/kg/day; P. O. from day 1 to 7), UFT (0.1 m mole/kg/day; P. O. from day 1 to 7). T-506 and 5'-DFUR suppressed completely the metastases of 5 of 6 (83.3%) mice and 6 of 7 (85.7%), respectively. UFT did not show a significant inhibitory effect. However, since the loss of body weight was more marked in T-506 than in the other two drugs, the side effect was thought to be a serious problem. These data suggested that if the side effect could be overcome, T-506 would be useful clinically for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers or hepatic metastases.
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PMID:[Antitumor activity of T-506, a novel synthetic FUDR derivative, on murine colon cancer and its hepatic metastasis]. 182 81

The patient, who is now 60, had a nevus and areas of cystic changes in the conjunctiva in her right eye, which had been present from birth to the age of 59. In 1987, rapid tumor growth aroused suspicion that malignant change could be occurring and so the nevus as well as the area of the conjunctiva containing cystic changes were excised. Histological finding: conjunctival malignant melanoma, containing compressed (densely arranged) atypical cells with pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The biopsy specimen of the conjunctiva showed a typical nevocellular nevus with large inclusion cysts of the conjunctival epithelium.
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PMID:Late manifestation of conjunctival malignant melanoma. 323 24

Structures within pigmented skin tumors, which are beyond the dissolving powers of the eye, may be analysed in vivo by macroscopy using incident lighting. Benign melanocytic nevi have a symmetric and distinct horizontal pattern of pigmentation, whereas in melanoma, intraepidermal tumor growth may show coexistence of net- and/or cluster-like and non-structural forms of pigmentation.
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PMID:[Macrophotographic correlates of the histology of precursor nevi and SSM in relation to the McGovern model]. 381 53

A morphologic study of 114 cases of pigmented skin tumors was carried out. The cases were divided into 5 groups on the basis of the degree of nevus proliferation and depth of melanoma invasion. The percentage and correlation between different types of free stromal cells were obtained for different skin zones in 6 cases of each group. Correlation analysis established the set character of cell cooperation at different stages of tumor growth. Diagrams illustrating correlations between free stromal cells and pigmented formations patterns are discussed. The results of the study may be helpful in running diagnostic tests of nevi for malignancy as well as identifying the depth of melanoma invasion whenever visual morphologic examination is insufficient.
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PMID:[Morphometric analysis of the free stromal cells of nevi and malignant melanomas]. 396 39

Taxol is a promising agent for use in ovarian cancer and other malignancies. One problem associated with taxol is its low aqueous solubility, requiring Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil) and ethanol as excipients (Diluent 12); these agents cause serious adverse effects. Liposomes containing taxol and phospholipid (in a 1:33 mole ratio, respectively) were prepared from phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in a 1:9 mole ratio. Antitumor effect was evaluated against Colon-26, a taxol-resistant murine tumor. Given as 1, 4, or 9 injections, free taxol given i.v. in Diluent 12 was ineffective at delaying tumor growth at doses < or = 30 mg/kg per injection (the maximum tolerated dose). In contrast, taxol-liposomes were well tolerated at doses greater than or equal to the maximum tolerated dose of free taxol and showed significant tumor growth inhibition at 10-45 mg/kg per injection.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of taxol-containing liposomes in a taxol-resistant murine tumor model. 790 97

Previous studies have shown that human IgG1 contains a 'reactive' disulfide bridge (SS*), detectable by a 24-hour disulfide exchange reaction, and that the serum level of this IgG subclass is selectively diminished in patients with various malignant diseases. Here we present evidence that in rats IgG2b is the only subclass that carries one SS* per molecule. Furthermore, it is shown that rats inoculated with experimental tumor lines, i.e., the Yoshida hepatoma ascites tumor and the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma growing in ascites or as solid tumor, exhibit significantly decreased SS* per mole IgG which corresponds to a selective diminution of IgG2b. Although at later stages there is a quantitative correlation with the tumor burden, with the Walker tumor this effect becomes significant as early as 24 h after inoculation, i.e., well before exponential tumor growth and an absolute reduction of total IgG. Control animals injected intraperitoneally with either viable spleen cells or irradiated Walker 256 cells did not show comparable alterations in their IgG subclass profile. Thus, the selective defect of IgG2b requires the presence of viable and proliferating tumor cells. Possible mechanism(s) of tumor-associated shifts in IgG subclasses are discussed.
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PMID:A decrease in reactive disulfide bonds of serum IgG signals a characteristic change in the IgG subclass patterns of rats bearing experimental tumors. 824 96


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