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 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enthalpy of reaction of guanidinium chloride with sodium DNA salt was determined microcalorimetrically at 25 degrees C in water-ethanol solutions of various concentrations. At low ethanol contents (up to 25 mole%) reaction is exothermic, its enthalpy being only slightly dependent on ethanol concentration. Above 28 41 mole % of ethanol reaction becomes endothermic. As above 41 mole% of ethanol in the absence of guanidinium ions A-type DNA conformation appears in the solution, which under the influence of guanidinium is converted to the B-type conformation, enthalpy of conformation transition must be included in the measured enthalpy of the reaction. Dependence of the measured enthalpy on ethanol concentration in the B--A transition region testifies to a very small value of the enthalpy change during this transition.
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PMID:[Estimation of the enthalpy of B--A transitions in DNA in water-ethanol solutions]. 100 64

The equilibria among spin-labeled amine local anesthetic species in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes at an anesthetic: lipid mole ratio of 1:100 are investigated. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra demonstrate that anesthetic mobility within the bilayer is charge-dependent, with the uncharged species the more mobile. Partition coefficient measurements confirm ESR evidence that changes in anesthetic mobility represent anesthetic-phospholipid interaction and not changes in bilayer fluidity. Spin-exchange attenuation experiments show that anesthetics within the bilayer are accessible to the aqueous medium. Dependence of tertiary-amine anesthetic pK on dielectric constant has been used to estimate the interfacial pK. We propose a model of equilibria among species of the tertiary amine anesthetic in the aqueous medium and those intercalated in the bilayer, including a species electrostatically bound to the lipid phosphate. Using experimentally determined equilibrium constants, the model provides the binding constant between the electrostatically bound and unbound cationic anesthetics within the bilayer. The model stimulates the pH dependence of the mobile fraction of total anesthetic population determined by subtraction techniques on experimental ESR spectra.
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PMID:Multiequilibrium binding of a spin-labeled local anesthetic in phosphatidylcholine bilayers. 298 45

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Spatial Gray Level Dependence Method (SGLDM) of texture analysis with respect to its ability to discriminate between melanocytic nevi and normal skin. Thirteen textural features based on the SGLDM were evaluated with respect to their relative sensitivities to both texture and tone. Ten features were found to be more sensitive to texture than tone and were selected for further study. Twenty-four digitized images of benign melanocytic nevi were obtained from six volunteers. Ten textural features were analyzed for each nevus and for surrounding sections of normal skin. Of these 10 features, 8 features can distinguish between textural properties of melanocytic nevi and surrounding skin.
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PMID:Textural parameters based on the Spatial Gray Level Dependence Method applied to melanocytic nevi. 901 67

Densities and ultrasound velocities for the binary mixtures of 1-bromobutane+benzene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene and of 1-bromopentane+cyclohexane and benzene have been measured at 308.15 K. Adiabatic compressibilities (beta(ad)), and Wada's constants (W) have also been evaluated as a function of composition. The ultrasound velocities decrease, attains a minimum and then increase with increase in mole fractions of hydrocarbons in the binary mixtures except in the case of 1-bromopentane+benzene binary mixtures where the variation is just the reverse. Dependence of adiabatic compressibilities with mole fractions of hydrocarbons is sigmoid. The non-ideal behaviour of the systems studied is explained on the basis of dipole-induced dipole interactions.
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PMID:Ultrasonic study on binary liquid mixtures between some bromoalkanes and hydrocarbons. 1597 19

Surface pressure-area (pi-A), surface potential-area (DeltaV-A), and dipole moment-area (mu( perpendicular)-A) isotherms were obtained for the Langmuir monolayer of two fluorinated-hydrogenated hybrid amphiphiles (sodium phenyl 1-[(4-perfluorohexyl)-phenyl]-1-hexylphosphate (F6PH5PPhNa) and (sodium phenyl 1-[(4-perfluorooctyl)-phenyl]-1-hexylphosphate (F8PH5PPhNa)), DPPC and their two-component systems at the air/water interface. Monolayers spread on 0.02 M Tris buffer solution (pH 7.4) with 0.13M NaCl at 298.2K were investigated by the Wilhelmy method, ionizing electrode method and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the miscibility of two components was examined by plotting the variation of the molecular area and the surface potential as a function of the molar fraction for the fluorinated-hydrogenated hybrid amphiphiles on the basis of the additivity rule. The miscibility of the monolayers was also examined by construction of two-dimensional phase diagrams. Furthermore, assuming the regular surface mixture, the Joos equation for analysis of the collapse pressure of two-component monolayers allowed calculation of the interaction parameter (xi) and the interaction energy (-Deltaepsilon) between the fluorinated-hydrogenated hybrid amphiphiles and DPPC. The observations by a fluorescence microscopy also supported our interpretation as for the miscibility in the monolayer state. Comparing the monolayer behavior between the two binary systems, no remarkable difference was found among various aspects. Among the two combinations, the mole fraction dependence in monolayer properties was commonly classified into two ranges: 0 <or= X <or= 0.3 and 0.3 < X <or = 1. Dependence of the chain length of fluorinated part was reflected for the molecular packing and surface potential.
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PMID:Langmuir monolayer properties of the fluorinated-hydrogenated hybrid amphiphiles with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). 1642 22