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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant blue nevus is uncommon compared to its benign counterpart and is regarded as a rare form of malignant melanoma. We report the clinical and histological findings in eight cases. Histologically, all eight specimens showed no epidermal involvement and had contained within or were adjacent to portions of blue nevus or cellular blue nevus. Proliferation of bundles of bipolar spindle shaped cells with marked cellular atypia, mitotic figures, foci of necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrate were noted. Two of the cases were studied by DNA flow cytometry and the populations of tumor cells were found to be diploid. Two cases have died secondary to metastasis. Although malignant blue nevi may not behave as aggressively as nodular malignant melanoma, they have definite potential to do so and therefore should be removed by wide surgical excision.
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PMID:Malignant blue nevus: a report of eight cases. 128 70

Ras oncogene expression of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevus have been immunohistochemically analyzed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 26 melanomas and 24 melanocytic nevi with a monoclonal antibody that was generated against Harvey sarcoma virus-derived ras oncogene products (p21ras). We found distinct differences of p21ras expressions by the type of melanoma. Nodular melanoma, epithelioid cell type melanoma, and deeply invading melanoma revealed higher reactivity with anti-p21ras monoclonal antibody than the other types. The reactivity of melanomas appeared to correlate with the degree of malignancy of the melanoma. It was also demonstrated, however, that part of melanocytic nevi reacted with anti-p21ras monoclonal antibody with a relatively strong intensity. Melanocytic nevi with junctional activity and nevus cells located in the epidermis in compound nevi did not show the positive reaction in contrast to dermally located nevus cells that had relatively strong reactivity. The different p21ras expression among the type of tumors may represent the state of tumor cells differentiation with greater expression with more immaturity in the melanocyte lineage. p21ras expression does not appear to represent a marker of malignant transformation.
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PMID:Differential expression of ras oncogene products among the types of human melanomas and melanocytic nevi. 266 10

Image analysis cytometry can be used to estimate both nuclear DNA content and area in tissue sections. Since nodular malignant melanoma and Spitz nevus can show a remarkably similar light microscopic appearance, but may differ in behavior, we studied typical examples of these neoplasms to determine whether cytometric differences existed. Analysis of relative DNA content alone could not discriminate between these 2 entities in the 13 cases that we examined. However, Spitz nevi and nodular melanoma clearly differed in terms of maturation, which we defined as the difference between the mean nuclear size or mean nuclear DNA content of the uppermost and deepest melanocytes in each lesion. Maturation as defined by a decrease in mean nuclear DNA content proved highly significant (p less than 0.005). Only Spitz nevi showed a lesser DNA content in the deepest dermal cells as compared with upper dermal cells, suggesting that some Spitz nevi have an admixture of diploid and hyperdiploid cells in their upper portions, but mostly diploid cells in their deep portions. Only nodular melanoma showed higher mean DNA content in deep dermal cells as opposed to superficial dermal cells, suggesting that some nodular melanomas may either have clones of cells in their deep portions that have higher levels of ploidy, or more cells in the deep portion of melanomas may be in active phases of the cell cycle. Our study suggests that important cytometric differences exist between Spitz nevi and nodular melanoma, and that these could be exploited to develop cytometry into an adjunctive clinical technique.
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PMID:A comparative study of Spitz nevus and nodular malignant melanoma using image analysis cytometry. 329 64

We report on a 56-year-old renal allograft recipient receiving cyclosporin A immunosuppression. During this therapy he subsequently developed the following cutaneous neoplasms: squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell carcinomas, Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, a dysplastic naevus and, finally a nodular malignant melanoma. Adverse effects of the cyclosporin A therapy are discussed, with special reference to dermatologic effects and the implications for patient and doctor.
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PMID:[Multiple cutaneous neoplasms in cyclosporine therapy after kidney transplantation]. 759 69

Six cases of malignant melanoma in children 14 years of age and younger are reported. The six cases were diagnosed among 850,000 consecutive skin biopsy specimens and consultation slides examined within a 32-year period. This series included an infant born with neurocutaneous melanosis, a child with malignant melanoma developing in a large congenital nevus at the age of 13 years, a superficial spreading malignant melanoma, Clark Level III, in a child with many dysplastic nevi, and three cases with primary nodular malignant melanoma, two of which showed histologic features of Spitz nevus. A review of the literature indicates that malignant melanoma in childhood is rare, and no large series have been investigated. It is not known whether the genetic and the environmental factors incriminated in the development of malignant melanoma in adults play a role in childhood melanomas. Data on the incidence of childhood melanoma in the population, the clinical and the histologic variations, and the prognosis are not adequate. A multiinstitutional study is needed to gather a large enough series to provide this information.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma in childhood. 850 75

Nevoid malignant melanoma probably represents an early form of nodular malignant melanoma in which there is little proliferation of melanocytes in the epidermis and a dermal proliferation that mimics some features of a compound or intradermal nevus, which is difficult to recognize as being due to malignant melanoma. The lesions can contain either small nevoid cells or larger cells that resemble those in Spitz's nevi. Overall the lesions are symmetrical, have minimal proliferation in the epidermis, and often have dispersion of cells at the base. The lesions with small nevoid cells are particularly difficult to distinguish from common intradermal or compound melanocytic nevi. Reactivity of the intradermal component for HMB-45 antigen, without antigen retrieval, or for Ki-67 antigen can show that the dermal cells have an immature phenotype and, in combination with histological criteria, can support a diagnosis of nevoid malignant melanoma.
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PMID:"Triggered trap": nevoid malignant melanoma. 971 70

Malignant melanoma is the most serious skin tumor and its incidence is doubling every ten years. Ultraviolet rays represent the main environmental cause of melanoma. Among the constitutional factors identified, two clinicopathological forms of naevus are considered to be important epidemiological precursors: acquired dysplastic naevi and congenital giant naevi. Four clinical and histological types are distinguished: SSM (Superficial Spreading Melanoma), NM (Nodular Melanoma), LMM (Lentigo Maligna Melanoma), arising from Dubreuilh melanosis, ALM (Acral Lentiginous Melanoma). Thickness constitutes the essential prognostic factor. Clinical examination is the only recommended standard assessment. Chest x-ray is useful, and acts as a reference for subsequent follow-up. Other complementary investigations are requested as a function of clinical signs. Treatment is exclusively surgical. The lateral resection margins are 0.5 cm for melanoma in situ, 1 cm for melanomas less than 1 mm thick, 2 cm for melanomas between 1 and 4 mm thick, and 3 cm for melanomas thicker than 4 mm. Chemotherapy is mainly used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. There is no indication for radiotherapy apart from palliative treatment of nonsurgical metastases. New therapies such as immunotherapy and gene therapy are under investigation.
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PMID:[Malignant melanoma]. 992 73

This study was performed to analyse the behaviour, risk factors, prognosis and evolution of cutaneous melanoma in childhood and adolescence treated in a single institution. A retrospective study was performed between 1980 and 2000 of patients aged 18 years or younger followed at the Hospital do Cancer de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Data included demographic status, risk factors, clinical and histopathological characteristics of the primary and metastatic lesions, stage and follow-up. Seventeen female (53.1%) and 15 male (46.9%) patients were studied. Twelve patients (37.5%) were aged 12 years or younger. The trunk was the most common location (14 patients; 43.8%). Five patients (15.6%) had giant congenital melanocytic naevus, three (9.4%) had xeroderma pigmentosum and one (3%) had dysplastic melanocytic naevus. Nodular melanoma was the most frequent histological type and 43.8% had a thickness of more than 4 mm. Five of the 32 patients (15.6%) were lost to follow-up and 15 (46.9%) were alive at the last year's follow-up, 11 (34.4%) without disease and four (12.5%) with active disease. The 5-year overall survival was 64.34%. An overall survival of 11.71% was found in patients with visceral metastasis with or without cutaneous and/or lymph node involvement, whereas the corresponding value was 90.48% (P value=0.0002) in patients with only cutaneous and/or lymph node metastasis. Cutaneous melanomas are uncommon in the young and are seldom diagnosed in the early stages, perhaps due to a reluctance to accept this diagnosis in this age group. Prevention and early stage diagnosis depend upon the recognition that this disease is present in the young.
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PMID:Cutaneous melanoma in childhood and adolescence: retrospective study of 32 patients. 1557 19

The deep penetrating nevus is a rare variant of benign melanocytic nevus with histologic features mimicking vertical growth phase, nodular malignant melanoma. In this study, we expand on the search for new complementary discriminating markers by analyzing a selection of both cell cycle-related factors, such as retinoblastoma protein and phospho-retinoblastoma protein Ser795 as indicators for retinoblastoma protein activation/inactivation status, and invasion-related factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 and integrin beta3. MIB-1/Ki-67 was analyzed as an example for a common proliferation marker. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 was analyzed as a marker affecting both proliferation and invasion of malignant melanocytic tumors. Semiquantitative assessment of both immunolocalization and immunoreactivity of retinoblastoma protein and phospho-retinoblastoma protein Ser795, MIB-1/Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 and integrin beta3 revealed no consistent differences between deep penetrating nevi (n=14) and matched cases of nodular malignant melanomas (n=10). Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 immunostaining of some deep penetrating nevi even exceeded that of nodular malignant melanomas. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression scores of nodular malignant melanomas were higher than those of deep penetrating nevi, which was, however, not significantly discriminative. In contrast, immunostaining of dipeptidyl peptidase IV was significantly discriminative due to a consistent lack of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-expression in nodular malignant melanomas. These results add evidence that among the selected markers supposed to be relevant for melanoma progression the presence of dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be used to support diagnosis of deep penetrating nevi in doubtful cases. As loss of dipeptidyl peptidase IV may also be causally linked to the transition of invasive to metastatic phenotypes, the molecular mechanisms downstream of dipeptidyl peptidase IV deserve to be studied in more detail in future investigations.
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PMID:Loss of dipeptidyl peptidase IV immunostaining discriminates malignant melanomas from deep penetrating nevi. 1682 52

Benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms are relatively frequent and show a broad morphological heterogeneity. The spectrum of malignant melanomas comprises the four main types, superficial spreading malignant melanoma, nodular malignant melanoma, lentigo-maligna melanoma and acrolentiginous malignant melanoma. In addition the rare spitzoid malignant melanoma, desmoplastic malignant melanoma as well as some unusual variants of malignant melanoma can be distinguished. The latter include nevoid malignant melanoma, a form of malignant melanoma resembling benign melanocytic nevi, animal type malignant melanoma, an atypical melanocytic neoplasm with numerous melanophages and prominent melanosis resembling an atypical epithelioid blue naevus as well as regressive malignant melanoma, and representing a questionably distinct entity, balloon cell and signet-ring malignant melanomas, melanoma types with degenerative clear cell changes, as well as myxoid and osteogenic malignant melanomas that are characterized by unusual stromal changes.
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PMID:[Uncommon variants of malignant melanocytic neoplasms]. 1784 76


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