Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microcytotoxicity assays of patients with malignant melanoma and halo nevi were performed. No good correlation could be found between percent cell inhibition and histopathological level of melanoma or the clinical staging. The percent cell inhibition was usually an index of response to vaccinia virus immunotherapy. Actively regressing halo nevi showed high levels of percent cell inhibition, whereas inactive halo nevi had low levels of percent cell inhibition and blocking factor. Immunologic reactivity to melanoma cells may be a common feature of melanoma and halo nevus.
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PMID:Microcytotoxicity and serum blocking factors in malignant melanoma and halo nevus. 109 59

The phosphorylation of the internal and integral membrane (M1) protein of influenza virus was studied. Four points can be made based on the data: (1) The M1 contains at least two moles of phosphate per mole of M1. (2) Phosphorylation of M1 is conserved between influenza A, B and C viruses. Other characteristics of the M1 are also conserved, such as solubility in organic solvent, heterogeneity and ability to partition into lipid vesicles. (3) M1 is phosphorylated in cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant (vP273) containing only the gene of M1, either as a result of a vaccinia virus associated kinase or a cellular one. (4) The phosphate is located within or in close proximity to the major stretch of neutral and hydrophobic amino acids found in M1, as determined by analyzing cyanogen bromide fragments.
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PMID:The phosphorylation of the integral membrane (M1) protein of influenza virus. 234 33

The cDNA containing the full coding sequence of human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase was isolated and completely sequenced. The cDNA contained 2398 base pairs, including 9 and 358 base pairs of 5' and 3' noncoding sequences, respectively. The human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase protein deduced from the cDNA has 677 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 76,656. The cDNA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences displayed 83 and 92% similarities, respectively, with those of the rat NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase. By use of somatic cell hybrids, the NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase gene was regionally localized to human chromosome 7 (7p15-q35). The levels of NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase protein and mRNA were analyzed in 13 human liver specimens and less than 3-fold variation was found among the different livers. The NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase cDNA was inserted into vaccinia virus and expressed in cell culture. The cDNA-expressed enzyme was active in reducing the electron acceptor cytochrome c. In addition, the NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase stimulated the enzymatic activity of vaccinia virus-expressed human P3(450) when both recombinant viruses were used to coinfect human cells in culture. An approximate equal mole level of NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase and P3(450) was required to achieve maximal activity for both ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
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PMID:Human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase: complementary DNA cloning, sequence and vaccinia virus-mediated expression and localization of the CYPOR gene to chromosome 7. 250 55

A virus, identified as cowpox virus by its biological properties and the results of the analysis of its DNA, was isolated from a sick 4-year-old child with a clinical picture of pox, though having had no contacts with known natural carriers of the causative agent of this infection. At the same time the isolated virus was found to differ from the reference strain, as well as from other isolates of vaccinia virus by some biological markers (and in particular by the structure of cytoplasmic inclusions of type A) and by the restriction profile of DNA. The Hind III maps indicating the location of restriction sites made it possible to localize the genome differences established in this study. The specific feature of this case was the previous close contact of the child with a mole which was probably the source of infection.
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PMID:[The biotype and genetic characteristics of an isolate of the cowpox virus causing infection in a child]. 902 79

Research continues to support several of the traditional risk factors for melanoma: a personal history of melanoma, basal or squamous cell carcinomas, the presence of moles, sun sensitivity, occupational exposure to certain substances, or a depressed immune system (ACS, 2007; Batailee et al., 2007; Batistatou et al., 2007). These are now joined by several new risk factors, namely, a history of dysplastic nevi, nevi persisting into adulthood, the use of pesticides, and not being vaccinated with BCG or vaccinia vaccines (Fortes et al., 2007; Krone et al., 2005; Shors et al., 2006). In addition, current pathology and pharmacology studies point towards an endogenous origin for malignant melanomas. Malignant melanoma's profile is expanding on a genotypic and phenotypic level. New evidence shows increasing rates of melanoma in minority ethnicities, especially Asians and Hispanics, people in lower socioeconomic groups, as well as elderly White men (Hu et al., 2006; Reyes-Ortiz et al., 2006); therefore, health care practitioners should screen these high-risk demographic groups more closely (Cormier et al., 2006; Hu et al., 2006; Reyes-Ortiz et al., 2006). Also, more educational materials tailored to these at-risk populations, especially minorities and the elderly, need to be formulated as the majority of melanoma awareness materials are created to target the middle-aged Caucasian demographic (Cockburn et al., 2006; Hu et al., 2006). Most PCPs are not performing skin exams regularly, and lack of time and confidence are major reasons for this omission (Geller et al., 2004). This finding underscores Pender's theory that if practitioners have a perceived higher confidence in their ability to perform cutaneous exams, then they are more likely to perform routine full skin exams and sun-protection education (Pender et al., 2002). Pender makes it clear that patients will act in their own best interest, changing dangerous behaviors and increasing healthy practices if they have the knowledge, tools, and incentives to do so (Pender et al., 2002). Thus, practitioners need to educate patients on the benefits of sun avoidance and regular skin exams. In this way, providers function as a vital influence on a patient's own adaptation of health-promoting behaviors (Pender et al., 2002). Primary care providers need to help remove the barriers of social prejudice through campaigning for stricter legislation, which will tighten regulations on indoor tanning salons. Whitehead (2004) notes, "More emphasis on policy-driven initiatives that work through social examination and modification" lead to a community health-promoting empowerment (p. 314). According to Pender and colleagues (2002), communal health awareness is necessary for an individual to make a solid commitment to a health-promoting behavior. Hopefully, as practitioners become more aware of the major risk factors for melanoma, the rate of melanoma prevention for at-risk patients will increase. This review has served to highlight those risk factors, and the tools which practitioners have to decrease melanoma's morbidity and mortality: appropriately identifying high-risk patients, performing in-office annual skin exams, offering patient education regarding self-skin exams and sun-protective behaviors, and pushing for stronger restrictions on the indoor tanning industry. If practitioners can skillfully utilize these tools, then a significant achievement against the progression of malignant
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PMID:Promoting prevention and early recognition of malignant melanoma. 1955 42

Micellization of di-n-decyldimethylammonium chloride, [DiC10][Cl], and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, C12E8, mixtures have been investigated by surface tension and conductivity measurements. From these results, various physicochemical and thermodynamic key parameters (e.g. micellar mole fraction of [DiC10][Cl], interaction parameter, free energy of micellization, etc.) have been evaluated and discussed in detail. The results prove high synergistic effect between the two surfactants. Based on these results, the virucidal activity of an equimolar mixture of [DiC10][Cl] and C12E8 has been investigated. A marked synergism was observed on lipid-containing deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid viruses, such as herpes virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and vaccinia viruses. In contrast, Coxsackievirus (non-enveloped virus) was not inactivated. These results support that the mechanism is based on the extraction of lipids and/or proteins from the envelope inside the mixed micelles. This extraction creates "holes" the size of which increases with concentration up to a specific value which triggers the virus inactivation. Such a mixture could be used to extend the spectrum of virucidal activity of the amphiphiles virucides commonly employed in numerous disinfectant solutions.
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PMID:Aqueous solutions of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether: Toward synergistic formulations against enveloped viruses. 2745 23