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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The absorption of retina and uvea pigment is very high in infrared light of 700-1000 nm, whereas hemoglobin absorbs light of lower frequencies much better. Density-Slicing is performed by a computer receiving information from an infrared film. Pigments of nevi and melanomas are demonstratable by this method and tumor growth is possible to see as well.
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PMID:[Computer evaluation of infrared photos of the optic fundus. II. Clinical aspects (author's transl)]. 64 71

Melanocytomas are pigmented tumors of the uvea and optic nerve head composed of plump polyhedral melanocytes which have been regarded as nevus cells. There are few reports of malignant change in these usually benign lesions. This study documents 16 cases of malignant melanoma of the uvea, eight of which were characterized by the presence of plump polyhedral melanocytes in and around the tumor. The melanocytoma cells were aggregated throughout the tumors and/or at the margins of the lesions; these cells did not appear between the melanoma and the sclera, as has been reported with spindle-type nevus cells. Electron micrographs of these plump melanocytes had the characteristics of common uveal melanocytes, while the tumor cells had features of malignant melanoma cells. The clinician should recognize the potential of melanocytomas for undergoing malignant change and should follow patients who have this lesion with this in mind. Article is followed by comments of Dr. L. E. Zimmerman.
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PMID:Malignant change in melanocytomas of the uveal tract. 67 2

We have identified antibodies against cytoplasmic components of allogeneic uveal melanoma cells in the sera of 16 of 31 patients with proven intraocular melanoma. Similar antibodies were found in 27% of controls and in 24% of patients with uveal nevi. The antibodies in these 3 groups of subjects were absorbed by components of uveal and cutaneous melanoma cells but not by those of normal choroidal melanocytes, normal uvea and retinal pigment epithelium, dermal nevus, pigmented skin or fetal cells. We found that specificity of the antibodies was also demonstrated by absence of reactivity with normal choroidal melanocytes, loss of reactivity after immune blocking, and absence of reactivity of melanoma antigen with conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin alone. Attempted absorption of the conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin by components of uveal melanoma cells did not alter the reactivity of the conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Specificity of tumor-associated antibodies in sera of patients with uveal melanoma. 69 90

Antibodies directed against different components of ocular melanoma cells were identified by indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 12 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma of the uvea. Antibodies reacing with autologous surface membrane antigens were found only in the sera of the 5 patients with the smallest tumors. The sera from most of the patients with small, large, or extraocular tumor contained antibodies directed against autologous cytoplasmic components while about one-half of the tests for antibodies reacting with allogeneic cytoplasmic antigens were positive. The incidence of positive tests with cytoplasmic antigens, in 67 patients with clinically diagnosed benign uveal nevi and 56 other individuals not showing evidence of proliferative lesions of uveal melanocytes, was 25%.
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PMID:Immunological studies in patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea. 84 36

From 1969-1974 1000 unselected enucleated globes have been examined histopathologically. 277 derive from the University Eye Hospital in Hamburg, 723 from various Eye Hospitals in northern and southern Germany. They originate from 589 men and 408 women, three times the sex was unknown. 86 globes had to be removed from children less than 15 years old. 6 groups of etiologies have been distinguished: trauma (308), histologically confirmed neoplastic disease (281), ocular manifestations of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, occlusions of central retinal vessels presumably following generalized vascular disease etc.: 128), "operative ocular disease" (164), primary inflammatory disease (71), miscellaneous (malformations, high myopia, pseudo-glioma and pseudo-melanoma: 48). The etiology "operative ocular disease" consists of 67 primary glaucomas (57 adults, 10 buphthalmus), 41 idiopathic cataracts (7 of these congenital) and 3 primary corneal dystrophies, as well as 53 cases of primary retinal detachment. Among the 281 neoplastic diseases, there are 238 primary intraocular malignant melanomas of the uvea, 18 retinoblastomas, 4 primary reticulumcellsarcomas of the retina, 2 choroidal nevi, 10 intraocular metastases and 9 orbital tumors. 16 enucleations among the 1000 enucleations have been performed for pseudo-gliomas (5 x Coats disease, 5 x persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous, 2 x retrolental fibroplasia, others 4 x). The manifestations of systemic disease are consisting of 68 central retinal vein-occlusions, 30 complications of diabetes mellitus and 10 central retinal artery occlusions as well as 20 other generalized diseases. A primary inflammatory disease led to enucleation 50 times due to an intraocular process, 5 times due to scleritis and 18 times as a consequence of keratitis (including 13 times herpes simplex). As the final clinical cause for enucleation the following categories have been elaborated: secondary glaucomas (416), clinical diagnosis of "tumor" (275), atrophy and phthisis bulbi (118), inflammation (112), acute trauma to 4 weeks after the accident (72), others (7). In conclusion the central role of rubeosis iridis leading to secondary angle closure glaucoma is emphasized. This process presents a challenge to ophthalmologic research. Finally the significance of early surgery for primary angle closure glaucomas and for complete restoration of the anterior chamber after trauma and any intraocular procedure is stressed.
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PMID:[Etiology and final clinical cause for 1000 enucleations. (A clinico-pathologic study) (author's transl)]. 95 59

To improve the tissue characterizing information obtained by MRI we examined 35 patients with 43 different intraocular lesions by applying Gadolinium-DTPA for the first time. Histology was available in seven cases. Twenty patients were diagnosed as having a malignant uveal melanoma, 2 had a melanoma of the ciliary body and the iris, 3 patients were found to have a naevus of the uvea and 3 patients suffered metastatic uveal infiltrates, 4 patients had a senile maculopathy and 10 patients had either a vitreal or a subretinal haemorrhage, 1 patient had an angioma and another a lymphoma of his vitreous. Ruthenium plaques were applied to 13 out of 20 melanoma patients. These patients were followed-up by MRI examinations at regular intervals after therapy. The pretherapeutic signals of melanotic melanomas were high before applying Gadolinium-DTPA and demonstrated a further increase after contrast enhancement. Following ruthenium therapy the drop of the precontrast signal was more pronounced than the postcontrast signal. In complicated clinical situations MRI offers additional information to enable the differentiation between intraocular tumors and haemorrhages.
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PMID:[Differential intraocular tumor diagnosis in MRI using gadolinium DTPA: value in comparison with other ophthalmologic examination procedures]. 204 26

Transport of timolol and befunolol in the anterior uvea of the albino rabbit was studied in vitro. Also, the mode of timolol elimination from the living eye was investigated. The isolated iris-ciliary body incubated at 37 degrees C accumulated 14C-timolol and 14C-befunolol against the concentration gradient, and the tissue-to-medium ratio was 5.45 +/- 0.29 and 5.46 +/- 0.44, respectively. The accumulation of both drugs was significantly suppressed by incubation at 0 degrees C and also by pretreatment with ouabain or cyanine but not with probenecid. The relationship between the initial velocities of accumulation and medium drug concentrations conformed with saturation kinetics, indicating the presence of mediated transport of these drugs. The apparent Km was 1.08 X 10(-6) mole per liter for timolol and 8.00 X 10(-7) for befunolol, and the Vmax was 5.46 X 10(-9) mole per g per hour for timolol and 1.52 X 10(-8) for befunolol. A mixture of 14C-timolol and 3H-sucrose was injected into the center of the vitreous cavity of the living rabbit. Timolol was lost from the vitreous at a rapid rate of about 36% per hour, while sucrose was lost very slowly, at about 5% per hour. Thus it was thought that an energy-requiring carrier-mediated transport system is operative in the anterior uvea of the albino rabbit, and that this would account for the rapid removal of the beta-blockers out of the eye.
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PMID:Active transport of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in the anterior uvea of albino rabbit. 288 38

A case of iris nevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome is presented. Our patient's condition was recognized clinically and followed for many years. The unusual amount of proliferated endothelium and abnormal basement membrane and the pedunculated pigment nodules and ectropion uvea were most interesting. If there is a spectrum of disease that includes essential iris atrophy, Chandler's syndrome, and iris nevus syndrome, one would have to say this case fits at the iris nevus end.
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PMID:Iris nevus syndrome. 319 Jan 9

Cell immunity was followed in patients with malignant melanoma of the uveal tissue with the aid of LAI (leukocyte adherence inhibition assay). The LAI test proved positive in 59 out of 65 patients with histological evidence of malignancy of the melanoma (90.7%). The test was repeated three to six months following excision of the tumor from the eye in 48 patients and in 19 of them (39.6%) it was found to be negative. All these patients have survived and after a mean lapse of 2.5 years following the surgical intervention no metastases have been observed. As against this, LAI positivity persisted in the remaining 29 patients (60.4%), with metastases present in the liver or the eyeball in 8 of them (27.6%) during the follow-up period (1-4 yrs). Out of 39 patients with the diagnosis of suspected malignant melanoma of the uveal tissue, the LAI test proved positive in 17 (43.6%), but as subsequently ascertained, 6 of these (15.4%) had benign choroid nevi. In 6 further patients with suspected malignant melanoma of the uvea in whom the LAI test had been negative, this disease was subsequently ruled out. From a control group of 101 patients with various non-tumorous diseases of the eyes, a false positivity of the LAI test was noted in only two (1.98%).
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PMID:Further study of specific immunoreactivity in patients with malignant melanoma of uveal tissue by LAI assay. 717 45

Two large studies from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) have listed the various lesions which may clinically resemble malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea (pseudomelanomas). The studies from the AFIP were based upon histologic examination of eyes which were enucleated. The present study reports on 400 consecutive patients who were referred but who proved, by clinical evaluation, rather than by enucleation, to have a pseudomelanoma. Although about 40 different conditions were found to simulate melanoma, the more commonly encountered ones included suspicious choroidal nevus (26.5%), disciform degeneration (12.5%), peripheral disciform degeneration (11%), congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (9.5%), and choroidal hemangioma (8%). The authors believe that this series provides the clinician with a differential diagnosis for posterior uveal melanomas which accurately reflects the clinical problem confronting ophthalmologists today.
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PMID:The differential diagnosis of posterior uveal melanoma. 741 40


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