Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The focus of this paper is the intercultural process through which Open Mole and trauma-related mental illnesses are brought together in the postconflict mental health encounter. In this paper, I explore the historical dimension of this process by reviewing the history of Open Mole, and the ways in which it has been interpreted, acted on, and objectified by external observers over the last half-century. Moving into Liberia's recent war and postconflict period, I examine the process by which Open Mole is transformed from a culture-bound disorder into a local idiom of trauma, and how it has become a gateway diagnosis of PTSD-related mental illnesses, and consider how it is produced as an objectified experience of psychiatric disorder in clinical humanitarian contexts. By studying how Open Mole is transformed in the humanitarian encounter, I address the structure and teleology of the humanitarian encounter and challenge some of the foundational assumptions about cultural sensitivity and community-based mental health care in postconflict settings that are prevalent in scholarship and practice today.
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PMID:Trauma and humanitarian translation in Liberia: the tale of open mole. 2040 29

Apolipoprotien E (ApoE) is involved in critical neural functions and is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. ApoE exists in three isoforms that differ in the number of cysteine residues per mole (CysR/mole). This study evaluated associations between this informative ordinal biochemical scale (CysR/mole) and symptom severity in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or subthreshold PTSD. Results demonstrated a significant negative relationship between the CysR/mole and severity of PTSD re-experiencing symptoms, adjusted for trauma. The findings suggest a genetic influence on PTSD symptomatology and dovetail with recent advances regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential effects of ApoE in the brain.
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PMID:The Number of Cysteine Residues per Mole in Apolipoprotein E Is Associated With the Severity of PTSD Re-Experiencing Symptoms. 2575 10

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene has been implicated in various conditions, most notably Alzheimer's disease and coronary artery disease. A predisposing role of the apoE4 isoform and a protective role of apoE2 isoform in those diseases have been documented. Here we investigated the role of apoE in resilience to trauma. Three hundred and forty-three US veterans were genotyped for apoE and were assessed for their lifetime trauma exposure (trauma score, T) and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PCL). The ratio PCL/T indicates sensitivity to trauma; hence, its inverse indicates resilience, R, to trauma. We found a significantly higher resilience in participants with apoE genotype containing the E2 allele (E2/2, E2/3) as compared to participants with the E4 allele (E4/4, E4/3). In addition, when the categorical apoE genotype was reexpressed as the number of cysteine residues per apoE mole (CysR/mole), a highly significant positive association was found between resilience and CysR/mole, such that resilience was systematically higher as the number of CysR/mole increased, from zero CysR/mole in E4/4 to four CysR/mole in E2/2. These findings demonstrate the protective role of the CysR/mole apoE in resilience to trauma: the more CysR/mole, the higher the resilience. Thus, they are in accord with other findings pointing to a generally protective role of increasing number of CysR/mole (from E4/4 to E2/2) in other diseases. However, unlike other conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and coronary artery disease), resilience to trauma is not a disease but an adaptive response to trauma. Therefore, the effects of apoE seem to be more pervasive along the CysR/mole continuum, most probably reflecting underlying effects on brain synchronicity and its variability that we have documented previously (Leuthold et al., Exp Brain Res 226:525-536, 2013).
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E: the resilience gene. 2829 13