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Little information is available about the prevalence of skin conditions among children in the general population of northern India. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, overcrowding, and poor standards of hygiene are important factors accounting for the distribution of skin diseases in developing countries such as India. In order to estimate the burden and relative frequency of dermatologic diseases among children in the community, we measured the point prevalence of skin conditions in 12,586 Indian school children ages 6-14 years. The overall point prevalence of one or more identifiable/apparent skin conditions was 38.8%. Of those studied, 3786 children (30%) had only one skin disease, 765 (6%) had two, and 336 (2.7%) had three skin pathologies. The most common skin conditions and their respective point prevalences were skin infections (11.4%), pityriasis alba (8.4%), dermatitis/nonspecific eczemas (5.2%), infestations (5.0%), disorders of pigmentation (2.6%), keratinization disorders (mostly keratosis pilaris) (1.3%), and nevi/hamartomas (1.1%). This study shows that skin conditions are common in children and about one-third of them are affected at any given time. The finding that more than 85% of the disorders can be grouped into fewer than eight categories is important in designing training programs for medical teams involved in the delivery of primary health care services in developing countries such as India, where about one-third of the population is less than 15 years of age.
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PMID:Epidemiology of skin diseases in school children: a study from northern India. 1465 62

Pediatric dermatology is a new topic and no epidemiologic data exist from Switzerland. Therefore we performed a survey of the pediatric population referred to the hospital of Aarau, Switzerland, between 1998 and 2001. All inpatients and outpatients less than 16 years old with a dermatologic diagnosis were included prospectively in our study. Demographic data (age, mean age, sex distribution), referral method, pattern and frequency of the different diagnoses in various age groups, diagnostic pattern, and therapy were analyzed. A total of 1105 children were included, with a slightly higher proportion of girls (53.8% versus 46.2%). The average age was 6.8 years and infants and school children represented 60% of the study population. Half of the patients (51%) were external referrals, almost one-third (29%) presented spontaneously, and the remaining 20% were sent from other hospital departments. With a frequency of 25.9%, atopic dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by pigmented nevi (9.1%) and warts (5.0%). Local therapy was prescribed in 66% of patients and systemic therapy in 18.6%. Other treatments such as curettage, surgery, cryotherapy, ultraviolet therapy, and electrotherapy were rarely performed (2%). We found that atopic dermatitis was the most frequent skin disorder seen in all age groups. As this was a dermatologic subspecialty clinic, higher frequencies of chronic and uncommon dermatoses such as genetic and autoimmune diseases were seen, whereas frequent diagnoses such as diaper rash and miliaria were rarely seen and the frequencies of other common skin disorders such as scabies, pediculosis, impetigo contagiosa, warts, and molluscum contagiosum were expected to be higher compared with the figures in the literature. In our study these dermatoses are underreported, as most patients are treated by general practitioners and pediatricians. Our survey documents the most common skin diseases in childhood primarily seen by pediatricians. We emphasize that dermatologic education of medical students, primary care physicians, and pediatricians should focus on allergic skin diseases, skin infections, pigmentary disorders, and vascular lesions.
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PMID:Epidemiology of pediatric dermatology and allergology in the region of Aargau, Switzerland. 1465 65

Naevus lipomatosus superficialis is an uncommon skin disorder characterized by the presence of fat cells in the dermis. It is clinically benign and said to be a developmental anomaly. The histological features and the theories of histogenesis have been discussed.
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PMID:Naevus lipomatosus superficialis: clinicopathological study of a case. 1502 98

Linear psoriasis is an uncommon form of psoriasis characterized by the linear distribution of the psoriatic lesions. It usually follows the lines of Blaschko with unilateral involvement. Poro keratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct (PEODD) nevus is another rare dermatosis that follows Blaschko's line. The pathogenesis of linear psoriasis and PEODD nevus is unclear, but both could be best explained by a specific somatic mutation. Hence, it has been suggested that the mutation responsible for PEODD nevus would constitute a rare but critical psoriasis gene. In the literature, 1 case of linear psoriasis with PEODD nevus was reported, which may support this suggestion. This article describes another case of linear psoriasis and PEODD nevus. A 7-year-old boy had a 4-month history of multiple psoriasiform plaques, arranged in linear distribution, and had congenital linear hyperkeratotic papules and pits on the right side of his trunk and right arm.
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PMID:Linear psoriasis with porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus. 1509 35

A 2-year-old boy presents with a 4 x 3-cm, darkly pigmented nevus on his back. His mother states that this lesion has been present since birth. Both parents noticed that the nevus has become slightly larger but deny any other changes in its appearance. The boy is otherwise healthy. He has no allergies and does not take any medication. There is no family history of skin disease or cutaneous malignancy. The parents are concerned about the melanoma risk in their child's congenital nevus.
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PMID:Myths and misconceptions: the risk of melanoma in small congenital nevi. 1524 87

A diagnosis of nevus psiloliparus was made both clinically and histopathologically in two otherwise healthy girls, one being 4 years and the other one being 1 year old. A congenital hairless patch with a round or oblong shape and a soft surface was noted on the scalp. In one case the lesion was yellowish and flat, whereas in the other case it was skin colored and somewhat elevated. In both cases, histopathological examination showed the absence of mature hair follicles and the presence of undeveloped follicular structures as well as orphaned arrector pili muscles in the dermis. As a new histopathological feature of this type of nevus, we found arrested anlagen of hair bulbs in both cases. The fatty tissue was abundant and also involved, in the form of aberrant lobules, the lower portion of the dermis. Clinical examination did not show any associated extracutaneous abnormality, and during a follow-up period of 2 years in either case, respectively, the children developed without any complication. Although neurological abnormalities could not be excluded by imaging techniques, such extracutaneous involvement is highly unlikely because the nevi psilolipari were of rather limited size. When clinicians and dermatohistopathologists have become familiar with this new entity, they will most likely recognize it as a nonsyndromic skin disorder more often than as a cutaneous sign of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis.
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PMID:Nevus psiloliparus: report of two nonsyndromic cases. 1535 69

A 9-year-old Taiwanese girl had an unusual combination of multiple lentigines clustered on her left face, 3 cafe-au-lait spots on her left arm and ipsilateral axillary freckling. Two Lisch nodules of the iris were recognized in the left eye but none in the right eye, which is why we established a diagnosis of segmental neurofibromatosis 1. No family member had any sign of neurofibromatosis 1. Moreover, the patient had a large speckled lentiginous nevus involving the left side of her trunk, and her father showed a similar skin disorder on his left buttock. These lesions were taken to be unrelated to the patient's segmental neurofibromatosis 1. This case provides further evidence in favor of the concept that partial unilateral lentiginosis represents a mosaic manifestation of type 1 neurofibromatosis.
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PMID:Partial unilateral lentiginosis with ipsilateral Lisch nodules and axillary freckling. 1553 96

Cannon's disease or white sponge naevus is a relatively rare genetically determined skin disorder. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait that displays a high degree of penetrance and expressivity. This article describes cases of Cannon's disease in a mother and her son.
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PMID:Cannon's disease: clinical and diagnostic implications: a case report. 1561 63

Although skin diseases are common in children, there are very few population-based studies in West Africa. Recently, there has been considerable emphasis on hygiene and socio-economic impact on the incidence of allergic disorders in children. We determined the prevalence of skin diseases in a public primary school in Ibadan (southwest Nigeria). A questionnaire for assessing factors associated with the prevalence of diseases was completed, and a complete physical examination was carried out on 1066 students. The study included 529 (49.6%) boys and 537 (50.4%) girls with a mean age of 8.8 +/- 2.5 years. The mean family size of the subjects was 6.7 +/- 2.3 while the mean number of rooms in their homes was 2.6 +/- 1.45. Infectious dermatosis was commonly observed. Of 375 children with a skin lesion, 162 (15.2%) had dermatophytosis, most often tinea capitis, 50 (4.7%) had pityriasis versicolor, and 50 (4.7%) had scabies. Other dermatoses observed included papular urticaria in 35 (3.3%) and angular cheilitis in 27 (2.5%) children. One or more melanocytic nevi were found in 40 (3.8%) children while 138 (12.9%) and 77 (7.25%) had tribal and scarification marks, respectively. Atopic eczema and viral warts were virtually absent. We concluded that fungal infections and scabies were the most common skin diseases in our study population, whereas allergic illnesses were nearly absent.
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PMID:Prevalence of skin disorders in school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. 1566 Aug 88

Canine pigmented epidermal nevus (CPEN) is a skin disorder of some breeds of dog characterized by multiple black plaques of the haired and non-haired skin. Three cases of pigmented cutaneous papillomatosis (previously described also as CPEN) in pug dogs were investigated histopathologically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Additionally, DNA analyses with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed in two cases. Many nuclei of the stratum granulosa were diffusely immunolabelled for specific structural antigens of bovine papillomavirus (subgroup A), but nuclear inclusion bodies were not detected by retrospective examination of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the affected skin. Aggregates of small numbers of viral particles (ranging from 37 to 43 nm in diameter) with a hexagonal structure were sparsely scattered throughout the nuclei of some of the superficial keratinocytes. PCR amplification targeted for the L1 gene of papillomavirus cloned from a case of CPEN yielded an expected fragment of 194-bp in the two CPEN cases examined but not in a case of canine oral papilloma.
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PMID:Pigmented cutaneous papillomatosis (pigmented epidermal nevus) in three pug dogs; histopathology, electron microscopy and analysis of viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. 1573 39


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