Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0027960 (
mole
)
21,279
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
We report the case of a 30-year-old black man with a large mass consisting of longitudinal parallel ridges and furrows on the left parietal region. A small, single, hyperpigmented macule was present at birth and gradually grew and extended over the years. Cutis verticis gyrata was suspected, and an investigation was performed to discharge the possibility of
pachydermoperiostosis
. However, results of biopsies obtained from 3 different lesional areas showed the same histopathologic features--deep-seated hair follicles and clusters of
nevus
cells concentrated in the dermis. Cerebriform intradermal nevus is a rare cause of cutis verticis gyrata. Early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent the development of malignant melanoma.
...
PMID:Cutis verticis gyrata secondary to a cerebriform intradermal nevus. 1513 25
Hydrophobization of cationic polymers, as an efficient strategy, had been widely developed in the structure of cationic polymer micelles to improve the delivery efficiency of nucleic acids. However, the distribution of hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains is rarely considered. Here, we have elaborated three types of hydrophobized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-blocked cationic polymers with different distributions of the hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains PEG-PAM-
PDP
(E-A-D), PEG-
PDP
-PAM (E-D-A), and PEG-P(AM/DP) (E-(A/D)), which were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methoxy PEG, cationic monomer aminoethyl methacrylate, and pH-sensitive hydrophobic monomer 2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, respectively. In aqueous solution, all of the three copolymers, E-A-D, E-D-A, and E-(A/D), were able to spontaneously form nanosized micelles (100-150 nm) (M
E-A-D
, M
E-D-A
, and M
E-(A/D)
) and well-incorporated small interfering RNA (siRNA) into complex micelles (CMs). The effect of distributions of the hydrophobic segments on siRNA delivery had been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compared with M
E-D-A
and M
E-(A/D)
, M
E-A-D
showed the best siRNA binding capacity to form stable M
E-A-D
/siRNA CMs less than 100 nm, mediated the best gene-silencing efficiency and inhibition effect of tumor cell growth in vitro, and showed better liver gene-silencing effect in vivo. In the case of M
E-(A/D)
with a random distribution of cationic and hydrophobic segments, a gene-silencing efficiency higher than Lipo2000 but lesser than M
E-A-D
and M
E-D-A
was obtained. As the
mole
ratio of positive and negative charges increased, M
E-D-A
/siRNA and M
E-A-D
/siRNA showed similar performances in size, zeta potential, cell uptake, and gene silencing, but M
E-(A/D)
/siRNA showed reversed performances. In addition, M
E-A-D
as the best siRNA carrier was evaluated in the tumor tissue in the xenograft murine model and showed good anticancer capacity. Obviously, the distribution of the hydrophobic segments in the amphiphilic cationic polymer chains should be seriously considered in the design of siRNA vectors.
...
PMID:Elaboration on the Distribution of Hydrophobic Segments in the Chains of Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Small Interfering RNA Delivery. 2886 22
