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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Risk factors for complete and partial hydatidiform mole were analyzed in a case-control study conducted in the greater Milan area on 139 complete moles, 49 partial moles, and 410 obstetric control subjects. Patients tended to be more frequently nulliparous than controls, and the risk of complete mole and partial mole decreased with number of births, although the trend in risk was significant only for partial mole (chi 2(1) trend, P = .05). The risk for both histopathologic subgroups was greater in women reporting spontaneous miscarriages. Compared with women with no previous miscarriage, the estimated odds ratios (as estimators of relative risks) were 3.1 and 1.9, respectively, for complete mole and partial mole for two or more miscarriages. Infertility problems or difficulty in conception were associated with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.3-4.3) and 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.0), respectively, for complete mole and partial mole. No association emerged between mole and induced abortions and age at first pregnancy. A personal history of gestational trophoblastic disease increased the risk of both complete mole and partial mole: The odds ratios were 12.0 (95% confidence interval 3.0-38.9) and 18.1 (95% confidence interval 5.0-64.7), respectively. Similarly, a family history of gestational trophoblastic disease was more frequently reported in complete mole cases (five of 128) than in controls (one of 395) (odds ratio 16.0, 95% confidence interval 3.2-80.3). When the mating frequencies by patient/husband blood groups were considered, a nonsignificant increased risk was evident for women with group A married to men of group O in both histopathologic subgroups (odds ratio 1.5 compared with all other combinations).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Risk factors for gestational trophoblastic disease: a separate analysis of complete and partial hydatidiform moles. 194 4

The pregnancy outcome of 57 women who had been treated for trophoblastic disease, between 1975 and 1982, was studied. All patients had regular menstrual cycle within six months after the last chemotherapy. Frequency of secondary infertility is 5% (3/60). No correlation between the amount of chemotherapy and secondary infertility was apparent. Of eighty-three pregnancies in 57 women, 55 pregnancies or 66.3% terminated in full term deliveries, 4 or 4.8% terminated in premature deliveries. Eleven of the 83 or 11.3% ended in spontaneous abortions and 2 or 2.4% in recurrent hydatiditorm mole. Only one infant (1.7%) had congenital malformation. There was no increase in fetal wastage or congenital anomaly when compared with pregnancies prior to chemotherapy or after untreated molar patients. Among the 59 live born infants, 4 or 6.8% infants belong to light for date, 49 or 83.1% to appropriate for date and 6 or 10.2% to heavy for date. Chemotherapic agents, mainly MTX and Act-D, appeared to have no effect on fetal growth. The incidence of choriocarcinoma subsequent to pregnancy in treated patients was 1.8% (1/57) and was 0.6% (2/365) in untreated molar patients (n.s.).
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PMID:[Analysis of pregnancy outcome after chemotherapy of trophoblastic disease]. 300 37

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication of ovulation induction. It is most often associated with the administration of human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) or purified preparation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), but has also been reported after clomiphene (CC) and in patients with hydatiform mole and chorioepithelioma. Moreover, OHSS has been observed in cases of multiple pregnancy unrelated to the use of fertility drugs. In recent years, the hormonal induction of ovulation has been practised to an increasing degree, partly due to the extended use in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) techniques in the treatment of infertility. This trend will undoubtedly result in a growing number of patients with OHSS: For this reason, it is important to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for trigging this condition and discuss the treatment possibilities once it has arisen. We will present three patients who developed OHSS after different attempts at ovulation induction. Interestingly, aspiration of the follicles, which was carried out in two of the cases, did not influence the progress of the condition.
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PMID:Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Case reports. 314 50

Metroplasties were performed on twenty three septate uterus associated with recurrent reproductive wastage (19 cases) or primary infertility (4 cases). The surgical procedure and ultrasound monitoring of pregnancies conceived postoperatively are reported. Eighteen pregnancies occurred in sixteen patients; fourteen ended in live birth and four spontaneous abortions, including two blighted ova and one mole occurred. It appears from the results that uterine anomalies are rarely the sole cause of primary infertility; therefore, selection of patients is emphasized.
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PMID:Ultrasound surveillance of pregnancies after metroplasty for septate uterus. 354 11

The Mashona mole-rat, Cryptomys darlingi, exhibits an extreme reproductive division of labour. Reproduction in the colony is restricted to a single breeding pair. The non-reproductive male and female colony members are restrained from sexual activity by being familiar and related to one another and the reproductive animals. Circulating basal concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as LH levels measured in response to a single exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge are not significantly different between the reproductive and non-reproductive groups of either sex. Socially induced infertility in both non-reproductive males and females does not result from a reduced pituitary secretion of LH or decreased sensitivity to hypothalamic GnRH, but rather appears to result from an inhibition of reproductive behaviour in these obligate outbreeders. The African mole-rats exhibit a continuum of socially induced infertility with differing social species inhabiting regions of varying degrees of aridity. In this continuum a transition from a predominantly behavioural repression in a social mesic-adapted species through to complete physiological suppression lacking incest avoidance in an arid-adapted eusocial species occurs in this endemic African family of rodents.
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PMID:LH responses to single doses of exogenous GnRH by social Mashona mole-rats: a continuum of socially induced infertility in the family Bathyergidae. 926 67

Within colonies of Damaraland mole-rats (Cryptomys damarensis), anovulation in non-reproductive females is thought to play an important role in maintaining reproductive skew. Pituitary sensitivity and ovarian structure were examined in three groups of females that differed with respect to their social environment and breeding status to determine whether anovulation is due to inhibitory social cues or is merely the result of a lack of copulatory stimulation. The contribution of gonadal steroid negative feedback to neuroendocrine differences in the reproductive systems of the respective groups was also investigated. LH secretion after a 0.5 micrograms GnRH challenge in females that had been removed from the presence of the breeding individuals for at least 6 months (removed non-reproductive females) was significantly higher than in non-reproductive females in the colony, but significantly lower than in reproductive females. In both removed non-reproductive females and reproductive females, corpora lutea were observed in ovaries of seven of eight females, indicating that ovulation occurs spontaneously in subordinate females on removal from the breeding pair. Circulating progesterone concentrations in removed non-reproductive females were significantly higher than in non-reproductive females, indicating that circulating progesterone is not responsible for infertility in non-reproductive females. Indeed, after hystero-ovariectomy, reproductive females continued to show significantly greater GnRH-stimulated LH secretion than non-reproductive females. Thus, differential inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion in breeding and non-breeding females occurs independently of gonadal steroids. It is concluded that female Damaraland mole-rats are spontaneous ovulators and that anovulation results from inhibitory social cues within the colony, not a lack of copulatory stimulation. Since non-reproductive females are infertile, inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis has the potential to play a causal role in maintaining reproductive skew in colonies of C. damarensis.
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PMID:Anovulation in non-reproductive female Damaraland mole-rats (Cryptomys damarensis). 1086 11

The role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs) on LH secretion was examined to investigate the neuronal mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of GnRH and the resultant infertility in nonreproductive female Damaraland mole-rats, Cryptomys damarensis. The endorphin antagonist naloxone was administered to five groups of females to determine its effect on plasma LH levels: Grouping was determined by social status, social environment, and whether the females were ovariectomized. A single injection of naloxone had no significant effect on LH secretion in either intact or hystero-ovariectomized females. Multiple injections with naloxone failed to affect basal LH concentrations but did result in a decrease in GnRH-stimulated LH secretion in ovariectomized nonreproductive and reproductive females. A significant response to a single naloxone injection following GnRH priming was obtained in both nonreproductive females and in nonreproductive females housed in the absence of the reproductive pair. These results suggest EOPs play a role in sexual function but that socially induced infertility is unlikely to be mediated through the EOP system.
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PMID:Social suppression in nonreproductive female Damaraland mole-rats, Cryptomys damarensis: no apparent role for endogenous opioid peptides. 1185 97

Hydatiform mole is a gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by the dominance of dispermic fertilization. Micromanipulation techniques in assisted reproduction technologies have enabled direct evaluation of the zygotes and the formation of pronuclei in the zygote. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of oocytes ensures that only a single spermatozoon enters the ooplasma. This study reports a case of partial hydatiform mole following the transfer of day 3 frozen-thawed embryo. ICSI was used as the assisted fertilization method because there was male factor infertility due to severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Possible predisposing factors for partial hydatidiform mole after ICSI are also discussed.
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PMID:Partial hydatidiform mole following the transfer of single frozen-thawed embryo subsequent to ICSI. 1551 46

The influence of endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs) on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in subordinate female highveld mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae) was investigated to elucidate the physiological mechanisms responsible for inhibiting their gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or LH release. The opioid antagonist naloxone was administered either alone or with GnRH. A single injection of naloxone failed to alter plasma LH levels in dominant reproductive females or in subordinate non-reproductive females in the presence or absence of their ovaries. Pituitary sensitivity to a GnRH challenge was not influenced by naloxone administered acutely or according to longer-term regimens in any of the treatment groups. The results suggest no role for EOPs at the level of the pituitary or hypothalamus in the socially induced infertility evident in non-reproductive female highveld mole-rats.
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PMID:Reproductive suppression in subordinate female highveld mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae): no role for endogenous opioid peptides. 1657 70

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a dominant autosomic disorder characterized by cancerigenic predisposition and multiple development defects, apparently without reproductive compromise. The complex is characterized by four primary symptoms, which include nevoid basal cell epitheliomas malignantly prone, keratocystic jaw, skeletal abnormalities and intracranial calcifications. Apparently, reproductive problems reported had been rarely associated with this syndrome. We present the case of a patient with clinic stigmatae of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, who had a characteristic progress as seen in the literature; he was the fifth product of a 43 year-old female (father was 48 years old); who at birth disclosed right eye microftalmy, bilateral cryptorchidism surgically treated at age of six. At puberty, an odontogenic cyst of the jaw was noted and enucleated. He also showed facial nevi in neck, thorax and abdomen. When he was admitted being 14 years old in our clinic, he had recurrent bilateral cryptorchidism, sexual immatturity and infertility. It is important to take into consideration Gorlin-Goltz stigmatae in cases of hypogonadism in order to recognize a further genetic influence.
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PMID:[Hypogonadism caused by Gorlin-Goltz syndrome]. 1713 65


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