Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined retrospectively a series of 184 cases of melanocytic neoplasia of the sole observed and treated as out-patients from January 1977 to December 1987, comparing clinical and histological diagnoses. The original clinical diagnoses were divided into nevi, pigmented lesions of suspected malignancy, cutaneous melanomas and others. Of the 170 cases diagnosed clinically as nevus none was of melanoma. The risk that a pigmented skin lesion diagnosed as clinically benign is melanoma is so low as not to constitute a clinical problem. It is concluded that systematic removal of sole nevi is unjustified. If, however, there is the smallest doubt concerning a sole lesion, it should be removed and examined histologically.
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PMID:Melanocytic neoplasia of the sole: diagnosis and therapeutic approach. 164 52

The ganglioside GD3 was distributed widely on melanocytes, naevi, and practically all melanomas. Not all the cells in melanoma appeared to express GD3, so that treatment with MAbs to GD3 could be expected to leave foci of tumor cells resistant to the effects of the MAbs. GM3 had a similar distribution of GD3 on melanoma, but was expressed on a lower percentage of cells in individual tumors. Expression of GM3 appeared to be suppressed on melanoma and naevus cells in the epidermis. Addition of MAbs to GM3 to those against GD3 in the treatment of melanoma may increase the lytic effect against cells coexpressing both gangliosides, but as GM3 did not appear to be expressed on GM3 -ve cells, the percentage of resistant cells may not be decreased. GD2 was expressed on only approximately 25% of primaries and less than 50% of metastases. In individual tumors there was some evidence of reciprocal expression of GD3 and GD2, so the combination of MAbs to GD3 and GD2 may decrease the percentage of melanoma cells that are resistant to either MAb alone. Both GD3 and GD2, but not GM3, was expressed on lymphocytes around melanoma metastases in LNs and around melanomas in skin. GD2 was detected on a large percentage of lymphocytes around metastases in lymph nodes, but not in the skin, suggesting that the gangliosides GD2 and GD3 may be expressed on different subsets of T-lymphocytes. These findings, together with previous studies showing that the MAbs can enhance lymphocyte responses to a variety of stimuli, provide support for the hypothesis that the clinical effects of the MAbs may reflect activation of host responses against the tumor. Further analysis of the role of gangliosides in lymphocyte function is needed.
Cancer Treat Res 1991
PMID:Ganglioside antigens in tissue sections of skin, naevi, and melanoma--implications for treatment of melanoma. 167 56

We describe a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb56), specific for a cell-surface protein structure (MC56 determinant) expressed by the human CEM cell line. A large band of approximately 90 kDa was identified as the main specific component of the MC56 determinant. Such a 90-kDa protein is significantly associated with the drug-sensitive phenotype, its expression being progressively reduced quantitatively in multi-drug-resistant (MDR) variants of CEM cells, according to the extent of drug resistance. In addition, the MC56 determinant is expressed de novo in drug-sensitive revertant cell lines derived from MDR cells and unreactive with the MAb56. The MAb56 shows a high affinity towards the immunizing drug-sensitive CEM cell line (Ka = 1.86 x 10(9) L/mole) while not binding to MDR cell variants. The expression of the MC56 molecule on a variety of human cells and tissues makes such a cellular determinant a candidate as a marker for studying the MDR phenomenon both in vivo and in vitro.
Int J Cancer 1990 Jan 15
PMID:Murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a 90-kDa cell-surface determinant selectively lost by multi-drug-resistant variants of CEM cells. 168 32

Advanced steps of tumor progression are generally characterized by an increased growth fraction within the neoplastic cell population. The presence of a relevant growth fraction is also related to widely accepted prognostic parameters in some human malignancies. Our aims were to evaluate the presence of a growth fraction with Ki67 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), and to correlate it with tumor progression and HLA-DR antigen expression in 88 melanocytic lesions. The lesions were 19 acquired melanocytic nevi, 58 primary melanomas [divided into 26 superficial spreading melanomas (SSM), 24 superficial spreading melanomas with nodular areas (SS + NM), and five nodular melanomas (NM)], and 11 metastases from malignant melanomas. Ki67 MoAb stained 16%, 19%, 71%, 100%, and 82% of nevi, SSM, SS + NM, NM, and metastases, respectively. Among primary melanomas, Ki67 MoAb stained 12%, 28%, 50%, and 70% of tumors less than 0.75, 0.75-1.49, 1.5-2.9, and greater than or equal to 3 mm thick, respectively. A concordant reactivity pattern for Ki67 and HLA-DR antigens was found in 72% of lesions (p less than 0.0001). We have shown that a representative growth fraction (ie, Ki67 reactivity) is present in melanocytic lesions only in advanced steps of tumor progression and correlates with HLA-DR antigen expression. Despite the different biologic values of Ki67 and HLA-DR antigens, we suggest the joint evaluation of both antigens as a useful marker of aggressive behavior in melanoma.
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PMID:Ki67 antigen expression correlates with tumor progression and HLA-DR antigen expression in melanocytic lesions. 169 3

Pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) serum concentrations were studied in healthy female donors, in women suffering from benign and malignant breast tumours, and in relation to normal and abnormal pregnancies. PZP was found to be useless as a tumour marker. Thus, PZP levels in breast cancer patients did not differ from those of fibroadenoma patients or healthy women. There was no correlation between PZP (or alpha 2M) concentrations and the pTNM-classification or metastatic burden of the breast cancer patients. Moreover, PZP levels were unaffected by cancer treatment and the course of disease. Neither patients nor control donors showed any age-dependent increase in circulating PZP and the mean serum value (8.38 +/- 4.83 mg/l, mean +/- SD) determined in a population of 154 non-pregnant women was considerably lower than that of most previous reports. Serum concentrations were unchanged during the normal menstrual cycle, but increased during pregnancy. However, late pregnancy sera (35th gestational week) contained significantly less PZP than previously reported by others, and non-pregnancy levels were observed in one out of 22 cases. Results obtained in hydatidiform mole patients were similar to findings in normal pregnancy. Neither serum 17 beta-oestradiol nor morphological differentiation between complete and partial mole showed any correlation with circulting PZP levels. Apart from a moderate increase during gestation, alpha 2M concentrations showed little variation between the populations examined.
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PMID:Pregnancy zone protein: a re-evaluation of serum levels in healthy women and in women suffering from breast cancer or trophoblastic disease. 170 Apr 64

Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions is an objective method for evaluating the malignancy of a variety of tumors. We studied 126 ciliochoroidal melanomas, three coincidental nevi that occurred in eyes with melanomas, and one magnocellular nevus collected from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study to determine the effectiveness of the silver-stained nucleolar organizer region technique in assessing the malignant potential of these tumors. Malignant lesions demonstrated higher mean silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts (4.347) than benign nevi (1.855) (P less than or equal to .0001). Among malignant melanomas, mixed-cell melanomas had slightly higher counts than spindle-cell melanomas (P less than or equal to .0001), but this difference was not important clinically. Results were also compared to other histopathologic variables, which disclosed correlation of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions with mitoses and tumor size. Comparison with computerized cytomorphometric analyses of prognosis also disclosed significant correlation. This technique may prove to be a useful adjunct in the assessment of malignancy and treatment response of uveal melanomas.
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PMID:The value of nucleolar organizer regions in uveal melanoma. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. 170 Jun 11

Forty-one cases of typical melanocytic skin lesions (15 intradermal nevi, 14 Spitz nevi and 12 malignant melanomas) were used to investigate the value of staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the differential diagnosis of such pigmented lesions. Histologic sections were stained by the silver colloid (Ag) method, with and without the prior use of a melanin blocking agent. There were statistically significant differences in the mean numbers of AgNORs per nucleus between the groups of lesions studied (1.658 for intradermal nevi, 3.0042 for Spitz nevi and 6.669 for malignant melanomas). Sections treated with potassium permanganate (melanin blocking agent) prior to staining showed an obvious increase in the AgNOR scores in all groups; this increase was highest for Spitz nevi. Although AgNOR staining allows a distinction to be made between intradermal nevi and malignant melanomas, the striking overlap between the counts for Spitz nevi and malignant melanomas precludes the use of this technique as the sole method for establishing the diagnosis of malignancy. Other clinical and morphologic data are especially required to make the diagnosis of Spitz nevi.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in pigmented skin lesions. Value in the differential diagnosis of Spitz nevi. 170 22

Despite the growing list of xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that recognize malignant melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, none has been able to detect epitopes found in malignant melanomas and not in melanocytic nevi. A human MAb, 2-139-1, that showed promise in this regard was evaluated against 85 melanocytic neoplasms, including malignant melanoma and histological simulators, particularly Spitz's nevus. MAb 2-139-1 stained 18 (53%) of 34 melanomas, eight (57%) of 14 dysplastic nevi, six (38%) of 16 Spitz's nevi, and three (14%) of 21 banal nevi, which included three small congenital nevi. We observed a significant increasing trend in reactivity (% positive cells x intensity) associated with the potential for malignancy (p for linear trend = 0.002). We conclude that human MAb 2-139-1 is applicable to the study of melanocytic neoplasms in routinely processed tissue. Although the ability of this MAb to separate benign from malignant cells is not absolute, our results suggest that the expression of the 2-139-1 epitope may be an early event in melanocytic tumor progression.
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PMID:Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody (2-139-1) in cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms in fixed tissue sections. 170 58

A total of 145 melanocytic tumors (nevus, 38; primary malignant melanoma, 72; metastatic malignant melanoma, 35) were stained with Ki 67 monoclonal antibody using a three-step immunoperoxidase technique. For each case, mean numerical density and maximum numerical density of Ki 67 positive nuclei (number per mm3) were quantitatively evaluated using interactive image analysis. Maximum numerical densities revealed highly significant differences. Within the group of primary malignant melanomas, there was a significant correlation between proliferative activity and maximum tumor thickness. Further, a 'Ki 67-prognostic index' was assessed in each case of primary malignant melanoma, calculating the product of the Breslow index and maximum numerical density/1000 (103 +/- 12; range 1-694). In a prospective, short-term evaluation of primary malignant melanomas, there was a significant difference concerning 'Ki 67-prognostic index' between disease-free survival and occurrence of metastases. After a follow-up time of 24 months, only 63% of the patients with a 'Ki 67-prognostic index' greater than 25 were disease-free, whereas no patient with a 'Ki 67-prognostic index' less than 25 was found to have metastases. We conclude: assessment of the maximum numerical density of Ki 67 reflects the degree of malignancy in melanocytic skin tumors; within primary malignant melanomas, maximum numerical density of Ki 67 positive cells correlates with well-established prognostic parameters (tumor thickness, level of invasion, mitotic rate); assessment of the 'Ki 67-prognostic index' may be of additional prognostic value for patients with primary malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Ki 67 immunostaining in melanocytic skin tumors. Correlation with histologic parameters. 171 49

Human cancers undergo protracted complex development from benign to malignant states, as most thoroughly documented in the mole-to-melanoma sequence. The early stages of the sequence tend to redifferentiate into normal tissues; the later stages progress to ever increasing multiplication and malignancy. When placed under the growth constraint of either crowding or low serum concentrations, the NIH 3T3 line of mouse cells readily undergoes transformation, expressed in the development of foci of cells that continue to multiply at confluence when the rest of the population has stopped. If the nontransformed cells are maintained for 3 months by frequent low-density passages in high concentrations of calf serum, they gradually lose the capacity to undergo transformation when the constraints are applied. The same conditions of passage have been used to reverse the transformation, both processes resembling in principle the reversal of the early stages of the mole-to-melanoma sequence. When the frequent low-density passages are made in high concentrations of fetal bovine serum, which supports a slightly lower growth rate than an equal concentration of calf serum, the degree of transformation is gradually increased, so that the foci become more numerous, broader, and thicker, reaching a maximum in successive assays at about 3 months of passaging. A diversity of focal morphologies is sporadically generated in the calf serum passage by exposing the cells to various concentrations of calf serum for 14 days of growth and confluency before assaying them. The dependence of the number, density, and morphology of foci on the environment in which the cells had been grown before assay reinforces the evidence that the transformation is an epigenetic process. The fact that these effects develop in culture gradually over an extended period of time suggests parallels to the characteristically long-term early regression and later progression, as well as the diversity of the mole-to-melanoma sequence, and may also be representative of other cancers.
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PMID:Adaptive evolution of degrees and kinds of neoplastic transformation in cell culture. 173 14


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