Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytologic features of hyperplastic epidermis in common lesions such as verruca, seborrheic keratosis, condyloma accuminatum, fibroepithelial polyp, corn, radiodermatitis, prurigo nodularis, epidermal nevus, dermatofibroma, tricholemmona, inverted follicular keratosis and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia were studied. Common, as well as distinguishing cytologic points are recognized.
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PMID:Cytologic features of hyperplastic epidermis. 60 66

A monoclonal antibody (HMB-45) was previously reported to bind to melanoma cells, and the junctional component of nevus cells, but not to normal adult melanocytes. We have tested HMB-45 binding in several conditions under which melanocyte stimulation might be expected in adults, i.e. 3 simple lentigines, 2 solar lentigines, 7 recent surgical scars (from re-excision of non-melanocytic tumors), 2 surgical scars from re-excisions of melanomas (after complete primary excisions), 9 hemangiomas from non-sun-exposed skin, 1 basal cell carcinoma, 1 acute ecchymosis, 1 keloid, and 1 dermatofibroma. Positive controls included 6 malignant melanomas and 1 fetal skin sample. Melanocytes were strongly positively stained overlying hemangiomas, within or near recent surgical scars of melanocytic and non-melanocytic tumor re-excisions, near basal cell carcinoma, and in fetal skin. Melanocytes either were not stained or were stained only focally for trace amounts in the normal skin near the new margins of the wide re-excision specimens for melanoma, i.e., at a distance from the scar, in the simple lentigines and in the fibrotic lesions. Thus, HMB-45 is staining an antigen which appears in adult melanocytes during stimulation and in fetal skin, as well as in melanomas. This stimulation is associated with conditions that would have increased vascularity, suggesting a melanocyte response to a plasma factor, or other endothelial cell derived factor. HMB-45 would not be a useful marker for residual melanoma cells in melanoma re-excision specimens.
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PMID:HMB-45 recognizes stimulated melanocytes. 266 55

We report a case of dermatitis forming a halo around a dermatofibroma. This phenomenon has initially been described around a naevocellular naevus and called Meyerson's naevus, then around other non naevus skin lesions. So far, it had not yet been reported around a dermatofibroma. The condition seems to be non-specific reaction of unknown mechanisms that does not modify the course or the prognosis of this circumscribed lesion.
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PMID:[Halo eczema around a histiocytofibroma: the Meyerson phenomenon]. 816 Nov 16

Melanoma is a malignant tumor with a varied histologic appearance. Melanoma composed of spindle cells may include desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma. The histologic diagnosis of desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma can be difficult. Although S100 protein stains a majority of these melanomas, the staining may be weak or focal. HMB-45, a more specific marker of melanoma, is frequently negative in desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma. In order to aid the identification of desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma, we stained 13 spindle cell melanomas (5 neurotropic melanomas, 5 desmoplastic melanomas, 3 spindle cell melanomas without either desmoplasia or neurotropism) with p75 NGF-R and compared the staining results with S100 and HMB-45. p75 NGF-R is the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor reported to be present on the surface of neural-crest-derived cells. Conventional melanoma as well as neurotized nevi, neurofibroma, spindle squamous carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibroma and scars were also stained with p75 NGF-R. p75 NGF-R stained all of the desmoplastic and neurotropic melanomas tested. In each of these cases, negative HMB-45 staining of the spindle cells was seen. In many cases the number and intensity of the spindle cells staining with p75 NGF-R was greater than with S100. Neurofibroma, neurotized nevi and focal cells in round cell melanoma also were stained with p75 NGF-R. All the squamous cell carcinomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibromas and scars were negative for p75 NGF-R. Based on our results, p75 NGF-R may be useful as an additional confirmatory antibody in a melanoma panel, especially in differentiating desmoplastic and neurotropic melanomas from non-neural-crest-derived spindle cell lesions. We feel it also can be helpful in better identifying margins of excision of these melanomas. p75 NGF-R, like S100 protein, will not differentiate desmoplastic and neurotropic melanomas from other neural-crest-derived lesions.
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PMID:p75 nerve growth factor receptor staining helps identify desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma. 879 54

This series presents six cases of a rare variant of dermatofibroma, characterized by marked clear cell change. All lesions occurred on the lower extremities of middle-aged adults (four women, two men), mostly with the clinical diagnosis of fibrohistiocytic lesion. Histological examination revealed well circumscribed, faintly stained dermal to subcutaneous lesions which were due to the overwhelming presence of clear cells (> 90%), some with prominent PAS-positive cytoplasmic granulation. Overlying epidermal hyperplasia as well as storiform arrangement of spindle cells, sclerotic collagen and some interspersed lympho-histiocytic infiltrate at the periphery of the lesion indicated the fibrohistiocytic origin. Individual histopathological peculiarities included: bizarre giant cells in two cases, perifollicular arrangement and haemangiopericytoma-like features with iron deposition in one case each. Immunohistochemically three of four lesions showed moderate reactivity for factor XIIIa and two of four with an anti-metallothionen marker E9, but were otherwise negative with a broad panel of markers. Electronmicroscopy in two cases revealed large pools of glycogen beside focal, prominent endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes in some granular cells, but only optically translucent cells in cases of clear cells. Recognition of clear cell dermatofibroma is important as the differential diagnosis includes some entities with more serious outcome/considerations such as metastases of renal cell carcinoma, xanthogranulomatous reactions, balloon cell naevus/melanoma and clear cell sarcoma.
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PMID:Clear cell dermatofibroma. 902 59

Dermatofibroma (DF) refers to a spectrum of firm, nodular, nonencapsulated lesions that occur commonly on the extremities. Histologically, DF is composed of spindle cells with variable differentiation toward histiocytic and vascular elements, often associated with epithelial hyperplasia and basilar keratinocyte pigmentation that histologically may simulate basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The characteristic epithelial changes are likely to be mesenchyma-mediated and probably represent a host reparative response otherwise known as the inductive phenomenon. Epidermal-mesenchymal cellular interactions, including induction, occur in various stages of embryonic skin development and in response to injury with tissue repair. Cellular interaction is mediated by direct apposition of cells or by soluble protein hormones produced directly by the cell (autocrine effect) or adjacent cells (paracrine effect). Among the important soluble mediators are epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is known to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of a variety of transformed and benign tissues. We investigated the possible etiologic association between EGF receptor (EGF-R) expression and epithelial induction in a prospective series of 20 cases of DF compared to entities such as granular cell tumor, scar tissue, and nevus sebaceus similarly showing epithelial hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical staining for EGF-R showed strong dermal staining of dendritic spindle cells and overlying hyperplastic keratinocytes in each of the DF cases. Immunohistochemical staining for EGF-R was absent within all dermal loci of granular cell tumor (n = 3), nevus sebaceus (n = 6), and scar tissue (n = 12).
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PMID:Epithelial induction in dermatofibroma: a role for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. 905 52

We report on eight cases of a distinct variant of cutaneous schwannoma characterized by prominent Verocay body formation (75-100% of the tumor bulk) that may cause considerable diagnostic difficulties. Like ordinary cutaneous schwannomas, these lesions preferred the head and neck region of young adults without sexual predilection and were clinically interpreted as cyst, basal cell carcinoma, or nevus. Histological examination revealed well-circumscribed nodules. Three of them consisted exclusively of nodular or ribbon-like Verocay bodies. A variable admixture of Antoni A or B type of differentiation (< 25%) was seen in five other cases. The following patterns were seen: fascicular spindle-shaped, onion-like epithelioid, myxoid-hypocellular, and degenerated ("ancient") with prominent fibrosis/hyalinosis and occasional bizarre giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the lesions were positive for S-100 protein (and vimentin) but negative for a broad panel of neurogenic and intermediate filament markers. The capsule showed focal labeling for EMA and--when it was markedly thickened--also for SMA. Labeling with E9, an anti-metallothionein marker indicative of cell activity, was negative, underscoring the slow growth potential of these lesions. No recurrence was seen in the six patients with follow-up information. The differential diagnosis includes other lesions with prominent palisading. (Amianthoid) myofibroblastoma and palisading leiomyoma are consistently positive for SMA and desmin, respectively. Palisading cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma and myofibroblastic dermatofibroma are variably positive for Factor XIIIa, SMA, and E9 and/or NK1C3 (CD57). Palisaded encapsulated neuromas are primarilly differentiated by the presence of nerve fibers with myelin sheaths.
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PMID:Verocay body--prominent cutaneous schwannoma. 1002 39

Blue nevus is a benign pigmented lesion of dermal melanocytes with a number of histologic and clinical variants, of which the major types are the common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus and combined nevus. This study describes 9 cases of hypopigmented blue nevus (HBN), a variant of common blue nevus in which there is minimal identifiable melanin pigment. We also discuss the usefulness of the immunoperoxidase stain HMB-45 in relation to the diagnosis of HBN and the lesions with which it may be histologically confused, namely common intradermal nevus, dermatofibroma, neurofibroma, dermal scar and desmoplastic malignant melanoma. The HMB-45 stain was found to be uniformly positive in all 9 cases of HBN, in contrast to the other dermal lesions which have been reported as either negative or showing only focal positivity. The physical distribution and age range of the patients in this study was similar to the age and sites for common BN, supporting the relationship between the 2 lesions. The occurrence of HBN in predominantly young adults indicates that this lesion is not a phenomenon due to ageing or degenerative change, and should be regarded as a variant of common blue nevus.
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PMID:Hypopigmented common blue nevus. 933 95

Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is an analytical, nondestructive technique that provides information about the molecular structure of the investigated sample. The molecular structure of proteins and lipids differ between neoplastic and normal tissues and therefore Raman spectroscopy has been considered promising for the diagnosis of cancer. We aimed to compare the molecular structure of normal skin, benign and malignant skin lesions by the near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. Biopsies were obtained from the following skin lesions: skin tag, dermatofibroma, seborrhoeic keratosis, actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, nevus intradermalis, nevus compositus, dysplastic nevus and lentigo maligna. Control skin was harvested from the vicinity of these lesions. In the Raman spectra, the secondary structure of the proteins was reflected by the amide vibrations of peptide bonds. The principal lipid vibrations were twisting and wagging (CH2) and CH stretching vibrations. Histologically distinguishable lesions showed specific combinations of band changes indicating alterations in the protein conformation and in the molecular structure of the lipids. Histogenetically related lesions (actinic keratosis and sqamous cell carcinoma) produced similar but not identical patterns of spectral changes. Because the examined skin lesions produced reproducible and unique spectra, we suggest that Raman spectroscopy will be useful for diagnosis of skin lesions.
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PMID:Distinctive molecular abnormalities in benign and malignant skin lesions: studies by Raman spectroscopy. 933 12

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins suggesting that they play an important role in inflammatory process, in tumour invasion and metastasis. We examined immunohistochemically 330 cases of different skin disorders with the monoclonal antibody against MMP 11, stromelysin-3 (ST-3) protein. We found a positive immunoreactivity in fibroblasts surrounding malignant epithelial tumour cells in 63 of 125 cases (50.4%) of basal cell carcinomas, in four of 25 (16%) squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the tumour cells themselves were negative. Furthermore, the ST-3 protein could be detected in 23 of 40 cases (57.5%) of dermatofibroma, in two of five cases (40%) of atypical fibroxanthoma, in one of eight cases (12.5%) of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and, locally, in one of 10 cases (10%) of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. It was not present in the following skin lesions: keratoakanthomas (n = 12), Bowen's disease (n = 10), malignant melanoma (n = 12), melanocytic nevi (n = 28) and Kaposi's sarcomas (n = 25). In eczema (n = 10), psoriasis (n = 10) and virus-induced tissues (i.e. condylomata acuminata, n = 10) we did not observe an expression of ST-3 protein. We conclude first that ST-3 protein is a fibroblastic factor expressed in stromal cells adjacent to carcinoma cells; second, that ST-3 protein seems to be associated with benign fibroblastic tumours; and third, that it does not play a role in eczema, psoriasis or virus-induced skin lesions.
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PMID:Stromelysin-3 (ST-3): immunohistochemical characterization of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11 in benign and malignant skin tumours and other skin disorders. 1023 68


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