Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027960 (mole)
 21,279 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand the role that tetrahydroisoquinoline formation may play in alcoholism and drug toxicology, high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to monitor the overall rate of reaction, in pH 7.4 buffer, between the catecholamines (dopamine, alpha-methyldopamine, dihydroxyphenylpropanolamine, deoxyepinephrine, levodopa, alpha-methyldopa, epinephrine, levarterenol, ans isoproterenol) and acetaldehyde. The observed overall rate of reaction varied from 0.38 to 0.0013 liter/mole sec. In addition, the reaction rate of the neurotransmitter dopamine was measured for various aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, paraldehyde, malonaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, and chloral hydrate). The observed overall rate of reaction varied from 5.3 to 0.0011 liters/mol sec. Penicillamine prevented formation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids when initially present in concentrations equal to or greater than the aldehyde concentration.
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PMID:High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of isoquinoline alkaloid formation from reaction of biogenic amines and aldehydes. 61 97

The ability to induce alcoholic cardiomyopathy has been tested in a variety of animal species. Myocardial alterations consistent with subclinical heart disease have been produced in many of these studies through a direct effect of ethanol or its metabolites upon the heart or a neurohumoral mechanism. In the rat most studies have, however, failed to finding diminished contractility in the basal state. In long-term animals the acute left ventricular responses to isoproterenol and calcium as well as pacing were reduced. Long-term studies in mongrel dogs fed 36 per cent of calories as ethanol produced an early decrease in left ventricular diastolic compliance related to interstitial collagen accumulation. Diminished contractility developed by four years. In addition to the morphologic evidence of distorted sarcoplasmic reticulum, in vitro experiments suggest important acute effects. Each mole of ethanol is bound tightly to each mole of protein comprising the Ca-ATPase pump, which is inhibited. Impaired uptake and binding of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been observed in chronic alcohol models at one to two day intervals following the last exposure to ethanol. In addition, the flux of calcium ion does not appear normal in terms of access to contractile protein, where the calcium regulated inhibition of the troponin interaction with myosin is impaired. Experimental studies in a canine model of alcoholism revealed that the ventricular fibrillation threshold was moderately reduced in the basal state after 18 months and was diminished further after acute exposure.
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PMID:Experimental models for studying the effects of ethanol on the myocardium. 331 64

A 71-year-old male who had previously suffered from chronic alcoholism was admitted to the Internal Medicine Service of Coimbra Hospital Center in January 1996 due to asthenia, loss of weight, icterus and abdominal pain, clinical features that had begun six months before admittance to hospital. A physical examination revealed that, in addition to icterus, the patient presented multiple hemangiomas of 1 to 5 cm in diameter, located in the oral cavity, neck, breast and left axilla. These lesions were bluish, elevated and with a rubber-nipple consistency, and had been developing for about 15 years. Subsequent examination revealed normocytic normochromic anemia, cholestatic icterus and the existence of a gastrointestinal hemangioma located in the esophagus. Excisional biopsy of an element proved that it was cavernous hemangioma. A subsequent angio-scintigraphy indicated other aspects suggestive of deep hemangiomas located in the legs, face and cervical region. The authors had the opportunity of examining other members of the patient's family, who apparently did not exhibit similar lesions. They concluded that it was a case of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS), probably in its sporadic form. Treatment was essentially conservative and the patient is well.
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PMID:[The blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome or Bean's syndrome. A rare cause of digestive hemorrhage]. 1019 91

Alcohol-induced diseases of the liver, such as fatty liver, hepatitis and cirrhosis with the potential development of hepato-cellular carcinoma can cause many effects on the skin. Even though they are not caused by excessive alcohol alone, but also by other diseases of the liver or other diseases of internal organs, an experienced person will be able to carry out specific diagnostic procedures. Skin symptoms due to liver diseases include 1. Vascular changes, such as spider nevi, teleangiectasias and palmar erythema. 2. Nail changes, particularly white nails. 3. Changes of the mucous membranes, i.e. glossy tongue. 4. Changes due to altered hormones, particularly gyneco-mastia, female distribution of hair and testicular atrophy and 5. Changes in the color of the skin like icterus and melanosis cutis. Rarely pruritus and other diseases of the skin are seen, such as porphyria cutanea tarda, which is often caused by an altered liver function. In the final stages of alcoholism, the neglect of personal hygiene particularly of the skin is evident (cutis vagantium). Since the exact mechanism of the skin symptoms remains obscure, it is difficult to evaluate the significance. Most often they do not correlate with the severity of the liver disease.
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PMID:[Skin manifestations of alcoholic liver damage]. 1080 82