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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hematopoietic growth factors were found as factors stimulating hematopoietic colony formation in in vitro culture system using bone marrow cells as a source of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Erythropoietin, a growth factor stimulating erythroid lineage has now been clinically used as an therapeutic agent for anemia of chronic renal failure. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a growth factor stimulating the production of leukocytes including monocytes and neutrophils has been clinically used as an agent for leukopenic patients after anti-cancer therapy. M-CSF improves a survival rate after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) through the reduction of mortality rate associated with BMT such as bleeding, engraftment failure and GVHD. M-CSF accelerated platelet production when injected to thrombopenic patients with solid tumor after anticancer therapy. Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) is a most powerful agent for various kinds of neutropenia such as neutropenia after anti cancer therapy, neutropenia after BMT, aplastic anemia, chronic neutropenia of children and myelodysplastic syndrome. However, since G-CSF stimulates growth of leukemic cells in vitro, careful observations should be required when clinically used on leukemic patients. Clinical studies of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) are now in progress, in which a promoting activity of leukocyte production of these factors is evaluated.
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PMID:[Clinical application of hematopoietic growth factor (IL-3, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and EPO)]. 127 40

Several glycoproteins that control blood formation have recently been characterized. Through their overlapping, synergizing, and antagonistic effects, they regulate hematopoiesis in a highly differentiated network. Large scale production of these colony stimulating factors (CSFs) has been made available by recombinant DNA technology, and a series of clinical studies in a variety of indications has been finished. In general, the subcutaneous application seems to be superior to the intravenous injection and causes less toxicity. Erythropoietin has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor are capable of ameloriating the chemotherapy induced neutropenia, and to abbreviate the time span of myeloaplasia after bone marrow transplantation. The potentials of other colony stimulating factors like Interleukin 1 and Interleukin 3, and combination regimens of several CSFs will be discussed.
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PMID:Biology and pharmacology of hematopoietic growth factors. 130 82

In the first 30 minutes of haemodialysis, in patients with chronic renal failure, there is a dramatic fall in total neutrophil count in the peripheral blood. An hour after the start of dialysis this has returned to normal.We have carried out a series of experiments in an attempt to elucidate the cause of this neutropenia. Both the patient and the membranes of the dialyser appeared to be a necessary combination to produce these changes, which could not be induced by the infusion of blood or saline that had previously been in contact with the dialyser. The composition of the dialysing fluid was not related to the fall of white count, and this fall was repeated when the patient was connected to a second dialyser after recovering from the neutropenia caused by the first. It was only when reusing a kidney, by rinsing it out and resterilizing it, that the neutropenia could be modified, but this was not a constant finding.
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PMID:Observations on neutropenia associated with haemodialysis. 582 50

A patient receiving hemodialysis for chronic renal failure had neutropenia six weeks after administration of his last dose of intravenous vancomycin and in the absence of other drug therapy. This case provides confirmation that neutropenia can be seen with vancomycin therapy; suggests an immunologic basis for the reaction, since the patient exhibited a concomitant hypersensitivity rash; and points out that delayed clearance of vancomycin in patients with chronic renal failure can produce late onset of side effects in such patients.
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PMID:Delayed appearance of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in a patient with chronic renal failure. 671 72

Increased numbers of bone marrow mast cells were found in 45 (2.2%) of 2,000 bone marrow specimens obtained from patients who had hematologic disorders. Mast cells were most frequently seen in the marrows of patients who had preleukemic syndromes, lymphoproliferative disorders, and acute leukemia. The 16 patients who had preleukemic syndromes included those with refractory sideroblastic and megaloblastic anemia (with or without an excess of blasts), idiopathic pancytopenia or pure erythrocytic aplasia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, idiopathic refractory neutropenia, agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia, and persistent eosinophilia. Five of the seven patients who had acute leukemia had nonlymphoblastic leukemia; two had blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Of the 13 patients who had lymphoproliferative disorders, eight had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, three had macroglobulinemia, and two had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three patients who had chronic renal failure associated with severe anemia and two who had chronic liver disease, splenomegaly, or hypersplenism were also encountered. In this study there appeared to be a consistent relationship between the presence of increased numbers of mast cells and the lymphocyte and plasma cell counts in the bone marrow. The significance of the presence of secondary mastocytosis in premalignant lesions, neoplasia, and, in particular, lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders, is still unclear.
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PMID:Increased bone marrow mast cells in preleukemic syndromes, acute leukemia, and lymphoproliferative disorders. 745 27

Haematopoietic growth factors are a family of genetically determined low molecular weight glycoproteins which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of haemopoietic cells through specific membrane receptors. GCSF and GMCSF reduce the morbidity from infections associated with the neutropenia induced by chemotherapy of onco-haematological neoplasia; EPQ totally corrects not only the anaemia of patients with chronic renal failure, but also 50 percent of anaemias related to chemotherapy; finally, the activity of IL 3 on platelet production seems to control the thrombocytopenia which restricts the use of therapeutics.
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PMID:[Hematopoietic growth factors]. 768 23

Hemodialysis (HD), especially with cellulosic membranes, leads regularly to a transient but marked drop of peripheral neutrophils. Such neutropenia during the initial 10-30 min of HD is followed by a reincrease in granulocyte count up to a mild leukocytosis. Although this phenomenon accounts for the best documented side effect of HD, little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Therefore in this study the blood levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured during HD. Previous investigations have demonstrated that GM-CSF plays the central role in controlling the homeoiostasis of leukocytes by up- and downregulation of proliferation and efflux of cells out of the maturation compartment within the bone marrow. Three patients with chronic renal failure underwent HD with cuprophane membranes. In all cases a significant drop of peripheral granulocytes occurred, but GM-CSF levels remained unchanged and were found in the normal range during the whole period of the treatment. It is therefore concluded that GM-CSF may not be significantly involved in the regulation of peripheral leukocytes during HD.
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PMID:Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor levels during hemodialysis-induced leukopenia. 829 2

Captopril 12.5 mg twice daily was initially administered given to a woman with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Three weeks later, she developed chills, high fever and sore throat. Hemogram showed severe neutropenia; the white cell count showed 600/cu mm; bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed a paucity of myeloid series. Antineutrophil antibody was not detected in the serum. The neutrophil counts returned to normal after captopril was discontinued two weeks later. We recommend that the peripheral white blood cell count in patients whom captopril is prescribed must be carefully monitored in the first three months, particularly in those with impaired renal function.
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PMID:Captopril-induced agranulocytosis: a case report. 838 57

In order to clarify the precise cellular mechanism of hemodialysis neutropenia, we examined the changes in the viscoelasticity of peripheral blood neutrophils using both the micropore and the microchannel filtration methods, and the changes in the neutrophil surface expression of Mac-1, L-selectin and sialyl Lewis X and the cytoplasmic expression of the actin filaments using a flow cytometric analysis during a dialysis session. Five patients with chronic renal failure were selected who showed a nadir leukocyte count in peripheral blood at 30 min after the initiation of the dialysis session. The neutrophil count also reached a nadir at 30 min and thereafter returned to almost the predialysis level by 180 min. Both the micropore filtration time and the microchannel passage time, which reflect the viscoelasticity of the peripheral blood neutrophils, correlated inversely with the neutrophil count. At the nadir of neutropenia, the neutrophils were observed to have become both adhesive and viscoelastic. The actin filaments in the neutrophil cytoplasm gradually increased in number from the start of dialysis, reaching a peak level at 30 min, and thereafter decreasing to predialysis levels. The Mac-1 expression continuously increased up from 30 min until the end of dialysis. The L-selectin expression first decreased at 15 min, but thereafter returned to predialysis levels within 60 min. The SLex expression did not change throughout the course of the session. These results thus indicated the neutrophil counts during a dialysis session to inversely correlate with the viscoelasticity of the neutrophils expressed by the micropore filtration time or microchannel passage time, which possibly depends on the contents of cytoplasmic actin filaments. In addition, the shedding of L-selectin from neutrophil surface may also be involved in the first step of hemodialysis neutropenia.
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PMID:Hemodialysis neutropenia correlates with a decreased filterability and an increase in the number of cytoplasmic actin filaments in peripheral blood neutrophils, which is preceded by a decrease in the number of surface expression of L-selectin. 1039 93

Substantial losses of total body protein (TBP) can occur in chronic diseases and in aging. Such losses impact negatively on immunity and quality of life, and on growth rates in children. Direct measurements of total body nitrogen (TBN) monitor the integrated changes in TBP over time and allow comparison with normal subjects. TBN assessment via neutron capture analysis is therefore the gold-standard method of TBP estimation, so that risk factors for protein deficit can be identified and patient management optimized. The nitrogen index (NI) can be used to predict prognostic outcome: an NI < 0.9 is associated with substantial wasting in HIV disease, an NI < 0.8 predicts significant pathophysiology in chronic renal failure, and a low NI is predictive of neutropenia in breast-cancer patients. These findings emphasize the central importance of adequate protein stores in recovery from disease or in maintaining quality of life. Aging appears to involve a gradual loss of TBP throughout adulthood. Cross-sectional data suggest that TBP declines curvilinearly with age, such that there is an accelerated decline after 65 years of age. However, longitudinal data are scarce, and little is known about the relative loss of visceral protein, as opposed to skeletal muscle protein. More clearly-defined data are essential if the effects of aging per se are to be separated from the effects of chronic disease. A further complication is the knowledge that physical activity also declines with age. Thus sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass, could primarily result from disuse rather than aging. The economic impact of unsuccessful aging places a pressing need for multicompartment data in longitudinal study designs.
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PMID:Total body protein in chronic diseases and in aging. 1086 69


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