Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dialysis efficiency, platelet and leukocyte counts, as well as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum were assessed in 10 patients (8 males, 2 females, aged 28-58 years) treated with repeated haemodialysis due to terminal renal failure. Patients were examined twice: during a 4-hour haemodialysis in the presence of heparin as the anticoagulant, and a week later in the course of another haemodialysis combined with infusion of heparin and prostacyclin. Statistically significant lower level of urea at the end of dialysis and significantly higher urea clearance were found during haemodialysis with prostacyclin-heparin infusion in comparison with infusion of heparin alone. As compared with the initial values obtained prior to dialysis, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed during haemodialysis with heparin alone but the counts remained generally unaltered when both prostacyclin and heparin were administered. During and after haemodialysis with heparin and prostacyclin both MDA level and LDH activity were lower than in case of haemodialysis with heparin alone.
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PMID:Influence of prostacyclin infusion on haemodialysis efficiency and blood cells. 145 34

Recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) was used for the treatment of 16 patients with various stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). All patients had been previously treated with standard topical and/or systemic therapies, and some had received experimental treatment with retinoids, recombinant human interferon alfa-2a (rIFN-alpha 2a), or radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies; most patients had an advanced stage of disease. Objective partial responses (PRs) were noted in five patients (31%) and lasted 3 months to greater than 32 months (median, 10 mo). One of these five patients had previously had disease progression after an initial PR with rIFN-alpha 2a. Six other patients (38%) showed minor or mixed responses. The most common side effects of rIFN-gamma included fever, weight loss, mild neutropenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and elevated hepatic transaminases. Additionally, one episode of nephrotic syndrome and one cutaneous allergic reaction were noted. None of the toxic effects were life threatening, and all were reversible. These results suggest that rIFN-gamma has efficacy in the treatment of CTCL refractory to rIFN-alpha 2a.
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PMID:Phase II study of recombinant human interferon gamma for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 210 37

A 15-year-old boy had persistent fever with severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorder, and marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase values. A diagnosis of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis was made after repeated skin biopsies. Three years after onset, he gradually lost 20 kg in body weight, and both skin and bone marrow specimens revealed degenerative changes of fatty tissue without any inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that total lipodystrophy syndrome results from the inflammatory destructive process of adipose tissue. To our knowledge, our report is the first to show, in a series of histologic studies, that an inflammatory destructive process may be involved in some cases of total lipodystrophy syndrome.
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PMID:Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis evolving into total lipodystrophy. 223 65

Forty-seven previously untreated patients with intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with four courses of a regimen that consisted of high-dose (120 mg/m2) Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), vincristine (2 mg), cytarabine (3 gm/m2), and dexamethasone (50 mg intravenously [IV] on day 1 and 20 mg/day orally on days 2 to 5) (AVAD), which was administered every 3 to 4 weeks. The median age of the patients was 58 years; 72% were Ann Arbor stage IV, 49% had "B" symptoms, 62% had masses larger than 7 cm, 40% had masses at least 10 cm in diameter, and 49% had serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) greater than 250 U/L. Overall, 72% of the patients (89% of diffuse large-cell lymphoma [DLCL] patients) attained complete (CR) or probable complete responses (PCR), and relapses occurred in 32%. There were no episodes of clinical congestive heart failure, but one patient developed recurrent ventricular arrhythmias. Fever during neutropenia occurred with 65% of treatment courses. Three deaths were attributed primarily to complications of therapy. The lymphoma-free survival of all entered patients is 51% (24 of 47), with a follow-up of 30 to 67 months (median, 58 months). These results confirm that high CR/PCR and long-term survival rates can be achieved in patients with aggressive histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, even in groups with poor prognostic factors, using high-dose anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens delivered over a short period of time. However, the apparently higher relapse rate in comparison to our previous study leads us to speculate that consolidation with noncross-resistant agents may be helpful in increasing even further the cure rate in this group of patients.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a high-dose doxorubicin-containing regimen. 229 68

The anti-inflammatory effects of gold compounds include suppression of PMN lysosomal enzyme release. Since lysosomal products can provoke PMN aggregation, we assessed the effect of two gold compounds, auranofin and GST, on suppressing aggregation, degranulation, and metabolic functions of the cells. Aggregation of 1 x 10(7) cytochalasin B-treated PMNs in response to 2 x 10(-7)M FMLP, as assessed by light scattering, was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by both drugs. Concentrations of auranofin ranging from 5 to 20 microM caused 30.8% to 89% inhibition, whereas 200 microM GST reduced aggregation by only 32%. FCS or BSA added to suspensions of normal PMNs considerably reduced the gold compound inhibitory effect on PMN aggregation. Cell viability assessed by dye exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase release was unaffected by the drugs. The suppressive activities of the drugs could not be removed by washing the PMNs. Correspondingly, the drugs suppressed lysosomal enzyme release induced by FMLP of PMNs rendered secretory with cytochalasin B. Concentrations of 20 microM auranofin and 200 microM GST resulted, respectively, in a 61.5% and 19.3% reduction of release of lysozyme, 61.7% and 27.1% reduction of beta-glucuronidase, 84.8% and 33.7%s reduction of myeloperoxidase, and 50.0% and 25.0% reduction of lactoferrin. Furthermore, auranofin inhibited 14C-1-glucose oxidation through the hexose monophosphate shunt in response to stimulation by either PMA or methylene blue. The in vivo studies suggested that auranofin could prevent neither neutropenia induced by zymosan-activated serum nor a corresponding rise in plasma lactoferrin levels. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of gold compounds in rheumatoid arthritis are unlikely to be related to their ability to dampen PMN activation in vivo.
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PMID:Correlation of in vitro and in vivo effects of gold compounds on leukocyte function: possible mechanisms of action. 628 1

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhGCSF) has been commercially available for two years; yet unanswered questions need to be substantiated by clinical trials. The most extensively studied clinical application has been in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. GCSF accelerates neutrophil recovery after bone marrow transplant, mobilizes bone marrow progenitor cells into peripheral blood harvesting then transplanted as supportive measures in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, and accelerates neutrophil recovery in patients with acute leukemias. GCSF is generally well-tolerated with only mild to moderate bone pain. Mild reversible elevation in lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid has been reported. As data are obtained from ongoing trials, GCSF's clinical role will be expanded and better defined.
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PMID:Granulocyte colony stimulating factor. 752 57

Infection of naive North American horses with 10(4) cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of virulence variants of African horsesickness virus (AHSV), designated AHSV/4SP, AHSV/9PI, and AHSV/4PI, reproduced three classical forms of African horsesickness: acute (pulmonary), subacute (cardiac), and febrile, respectively. Distinct clinicopathologic and hemostatic abnormalities were associated with each form of disease. Hemostatic abnormalities included increased concentration of fibrin degradation products and prolongation of prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and thrombin clotting times. Hemostatic findings indicated activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems with clotting factor consumption in acute and subacute cases of African horsesickness. Hematologic abnormalities in acute and subacute cases of African horsesickness included leukopenia, decreased platelet counts, elevated hematocrit, and increased erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin concentration. Leukopenia was characterized by lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a left shift. Increased levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated creatinine, phosphorus, and total bilirubin levels were present in some but not all horses. Metabolic acidosis, indicated by decreased total bicarbonate and increased lactate and anion gap, was present in horses with the acute form of disease. Mild thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were occasionally associated with the febrile form of disease. These results suggest a role for intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of African horsesickness.
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PMID:Clinical pathology and hemostatic abnormalities in experimental African horsesickness. 777 Oct 50

Ninety-two AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were randomized to receive folinic acid or matching placebo in conjunction with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a prospective, double-blind trial. Neither frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (26% vs. 37%; P = .4) nor time to occurrence (P = .7) was associated with folinic acid use. Although incidence of neutropenia was lower in patients receiving folinic acid (23% vs. 47%; P = .03), time to occurrence of neutropenia did not differ (P = .4). Seven (7.6%) of 92 patients with confirmed PCP met criteria for therapeutic failure, and 5 (6%) died during therapy. Surprisingly, folinic acid use was associated with a higher rate of both therapeutic failure (15% vs. 0; P = .01) and death (11% vs. 0; P = .06). Time to therapeutic failure was shorter and probability of death greater in patients receiving folinic acid (P = .005, P = .02, respectively), even when adjusted for baseline arterial oxygen pressure, serum lactate dehydrogenase, respiratory rate, CD4 cell count, and peak serum level of trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole.
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PMID:Adjunctive folinic acid with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients is associated with an increased risk of therapeutic failure and death. 793 Jul 36

An intensive chemotherapy regimen (EVDAC), including high-dose epirubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone followed by cyclophosphamide and high-dose cytarabine, was administered to 54 untreated adults with intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The median age was 59, 61% were Ann Arbor Stage IV, 57% had "B" symptoms, 50% had serum lactate dehydrogenase greater than 250 U/L, and 48% had masses greater than 7 cm (33% > 10 cm) in diameter. Seventy-six percent of patients attained complete or probable complete remissions. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial failure-free survival at 7 years is 50%, and 59% (32 of 54) of all patients started on therapy remain alive and in first remission at a median of 62+ (range, 49+ to 76+) months from completion of therapy. Nearly all patients developed severe neutropenia. Febrile episodes requiring hospitalization during neutropenia occurred after 56% of courses of epirubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone and after 9% of courses of cyclophosphamide and cytarabine; 80% of patients were hospitalized at least once. Platelet count nadirs of less than 20,000/microL occurred after only 1 of 146 evaluable courses of epirubicin and after none of the cyclophosphamide/cytarabine courses. Although 8 patients had decreases of at least 0.12 in their left ventricular ejection fractions (5 to below normal levels), none have developed clinically evident congestive heart failure. Clinically significant mucositis occurred after only 8% of courses of high-dose epirubicin. Three deaths from infections and one from hyperkalemia with cardiac arrest occurred during therapy. These results confirm that high remission and sustained, failure-free survival rates can be achieved in patients with aggressive NHL, using high-dose anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens. Epirubicin appears to have an advantage over doxorubicin at high doses because of decreased toxicity at a therapeutically equivalent dose. These phase II study results need to be validated in a randomized phase III trial, and growth factors should be used to attempt to reduce the neutropenia-associated complications.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with an intensive epirubicin-containing regimen. 826 Jun 95

We report the cases of six patients with AIDS in whom reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHPS) secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis was diagnosed. RHPS was diagnosed by established criteria, including fever (duration of > or = 7 days, with peak temperatures of > 38.5 degrees C), unexplained thrombocytopenia with anemia and/or neutropenia, and bone marrow biopsy findings of hemophagocytic histiocytosis. Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection was diagnosed on the basis of the results of cultures of the bone marrow sample. The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was elevated (> 1,000 IU/L) in all patients, and five of six patients had hyperferritinemia (range of ferritin level, 15,848-425,984 ng/mL). Five patients had features resembling severe sepsis with multiorgan dysfunction. Three patients recovered, and the findings of RHPS resolved following therapy with amphotericin B. In patients with AIDS, the combination of fever, cytopenia, elevated serum LDH level (> 1,000 IU/L), and/or hyperferritinemia (ferritin level of > 10,000 ng/mL) is a clue to the diagnosis of RHPS and disseminated histoplasmosis; bone marrow biopsy is valuable in establishing the diagnosis.
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PMID:Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome: a new presentation of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. 874 33


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