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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Captopril (Capoten; Squibb) is a specific orally active antagonist of peptidyl-dipeptide carboxyhydrolase, the enzyme which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and which inactivates bradykinin. Captopril therefore reduces blood pressure in a variety of animal models of hypertension. In 96 studies on 1570 patients, captopril has been shown to be superior to placebo and equivalent to either propranolol or a diuretic in the treatment of essential hypertension. In the management of severe treatment-resistant hypertension, the response to captopril (alone or in combination with a diuretic and/or propranolol) was better than the response to standard triple therapy. Captopril, with digitalis and a diuretic, also improved the haemodynamic and clinical status of patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Side-effects include skin rashes (15%), proteinuria (1,1%, or 0,4% of patients with no prior renal disease) and the nephrotic syndrome (0,9%, or 0,3% of patients with no prior renal disease). Nearly all patients with the nephrotic syndrome in whom renal biopsies were performed were found to have membranous glomerulopathy. Neutropenia (total white cell count less than 1,000/microliter) was found in 33 of over 6,000 patients (0,4%), but in all cases there were other possible causes for this. Captopril is the first of an important group of antihypertensive and afterload-reducing drugs; its major indications are likely to be in the treatment of refractory severe hypertension or congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Captopril--an overview. 621 58

White cell and differential counts were studied in school children living at Amman (group A), Dead Sea natives (group B), and residents of the Dead Sea area who originated from different areas (group C). A total of 159 subjects from group A, 146 from group B, and 38 from group C, were studied. Significant leukopenia was observed in group B, as compared with groups A and C (p less than 0.005). This was due to selective neutropenia in group B (p less than 0.005). Careful analysis revealed that this difference was genetic and not environmental. Living at 390 m below sea level does not affect the white cell or the differential count.
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PMID:Comparative study of white cell count and differential leukocyte count in school children at Dead Sea level and at Amman. 665 20

The effects of naloxone on the cardiovascular, hematologic and metabolic derangements associated with endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock were studied in unanesthetized horses. In the first of 3 experiments blood glucose and lactate levels, hematocrit, white, red and differential white cell counts, rectal temperature and clinical signs were obtained before and after endotoxin (10 micrograms/Kg) administration in 5 horses. In the second experiment, two groups of 3 horses received either intravenous naloxone (0.04 mg/Kg) or saline, 7 minutes prior to endotoxin. In a third experiment two groups of 4 horses received either saline or naloxone (0.20 mg/Kg) immediately following acute hemorrhage. In the second and third experiments, pulse, mean arterial and right ventricular pressures, and heart rate were also observed. Endotoxin and acute hemorrhage produced hypothermia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, elevations in hematocrit, blood glucose and blood lactate, and clinical signs of shock. Naloxone (0.040 mg/Kg IV) significantly lowered endotoxin-induced increases in right ventricular pressure and heart rate, and at a higher dose (0.20 mg/Kg) antagonized the decrease in pulse and heart rate, and tachycardia observed after acute hemorrhage. These results suggest endogenous opioids are involved in the pathogenesis of shock. Naloxone appeared to attenuate some of the cardiovascular responses associated with shock and thus may be of therapeutic value in shock management.
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PMID:The effects of naloxone on endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock in horses. 673 53

We studied the peripheral blood of 37 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) prior to (n = 24) or following (n = 19) splenectomy, in the Hemalog D multi-channel white cell differential counter, to investigate whether the apparatus could contribute to the (early) diagnosis of this entity and to the differential diagnosis of HCL from atypical hairy cell leukemia (AHCL; n = 9), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 21) and leukemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma of low-grade malignancy (LNHL; n = 19). HCL showed almost invariably monocytopenia, neutropenia and an increased percentage of LUC, with a rather typical picture of the X-Y display of the peroxidase channel. The percentage of hairy cells closely correlated with the percentage of the LUC from the Hemalog D. Discriminant analysis using several parameters of the Hemalog D differential count resulted in a complete separation of HCL from CLL, and a fair, although not complete, distinction of HCL from AHCL and LNHL. It was impossible to discriminate between AHCL and LNHL. The most important discriminating (single or combined) parameters were the absolute monocyte count, the TWBC and the absolute neutrophil number. It is concluded that the Hemalog D is a valuable tool in the (early) diagnosis of HCL and in the discrimination between HCL and other leukemic lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:The Hemalog D automated differential counter in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. 685 71

Detection of neutropenia depends on the white cell count and the differential count, both of which involve considerable error. Pathogenetically, neutropenia can be attributed one of the following mechanisms: insufficient (or inefficient) formation, enhanced destruction or utilization, or--rarely--shift to the marginal pool. Isolated neutropenia should be distinguished from neutropenia combined with anemia and/or thrombocytopenia. The latter is usually due to bone marrow failure, whereas the former depends on peripheral mechanisms. Drug induced neutropenia may appear either as unforeseen acute agranulocytosis (aminophenazone type), depending on preceding sensitization, or as a slowly developing, dose-dependent cytopenia. Gradually developing neutropenia is an early stage of a general disease (collagen diseases, leukemia and other neoplasias, infections).
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PMID:[Clarification of neutropenia]. 728 Jun 26

The lack of standard local values for use as reference values has been a problem facing our haematological units in Sierra Leone for a long time. As a preliminary step towards the establishment of standard local values, one hundred and sixty apparently healthy Sierra Leoneans between the ages of 10 years to 50 years and above living in Freetown were investigated for the determination of total and differential white blood cells counts. The total white cell count was done by using the neubeur counting chamber whilst the differential white cell count was done from a thin blood smear stained with leishman's stain. A mean white blood cell count of 5.0 x 10(9)/L was obtained for the study group with a range of 2.4-12.0 x 10(9)/L. The study did not show any significant difference in white blood cell count between males and females. A mean differential neutrophil count of 56% was obtained for the study group and a mean differential lymphocyte count of 37% were obtained for the study group. The leucopenia obtained for the study group is thought to be due to the neutropenia and is probably thought to be a genetically determined characteristic of the indigenous Africans.
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PMID:White blood cell count in healthy Sierra Leoneans. 749 10

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of G-CSF given after salvage chemotherapy on the mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in pretreated patients. Seven patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, etoposide and dexamethasone. G-CSF was given at a dose of 3.8-7.2 micrograms/kg (1-2 ampoules) daily by subcutaneous injection from the onset of neutropenia (< 1.0 x 10(9)/L). A median of 3 leukaphereses was performed when the white cell count was recovering. The median number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) collected was 99 x 10(4)/kg per leucapheresis (range 19-800) or 260 x 10(4)/kg in total per patient (110-1800). Six patients underwent myeloablative chemotherapy with PBPC rescue. No autologous bone marrow or growth factors post-PBPC infusion were administered. The median duration of severe neutropenia (< 0.5 x 10(9)/L) was 8.5 days (range 5-10) and to recovery of neutrophils post-PBPC infusion was 11.5 days (10-15). Severe thrombocytopenia (< 20 x 10(9)/L) was present for 4 days (range 1-5) and the median number of days post-infusion to platelet-transfusion independence was 9 (6-12). In conclusion, G-CSF combined with chemotherapy mobilised large numbers of PBPC for subsequent autotransplantation in pretreated patients with NHL. A single leukapheresis procedure may be sufficient following this protocol.
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PMID:Combined chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilise large numbers of peripheral blood progenitor cells in pretreated patients. 753 59

Haemodialysis membranes with a wide range of solute and hydraulic permeabilities are used clinically. Such membranes are manufactured from either cellulose or synthetic co-polymers and their biocompatibility is commonly characterized by the complement activation and white cell changes observed during their use. The cellobiosic unit may be modified by the partial or total replacement of the hydroxyl groups by diethylaminoethyl (Hemophan), acetate (cellulose acetate), triacetate (cellulose triacetate) or 2,5-acetate (Diaphan). We have undertaken a prospective study in which such renal membranes have been studied in terms of the complement activation and neutropenia produced with the aim of investigating the relationship between modification of the cellobiosic unit and the magnitude of neutropenia and complement activation, and the extent to which membrane base material influences these parameters, by comparing the changes observed in modified cellulose membranes with that for a synthetic membrane (polysulphone). Our findings show that, while the degree of substitution varies between < 1% and total substitution, there is no correlation between the numbers of hydroxyl groups replaced and alteration of complement activation and neutropenia. However, by modification of the cellobiosic unit it is possible to produce a membrane whose biocompatibility is similar to that of a membrane manufactured from a synthetic co-polymer such as polysulphone.
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PMID:Biocompatibility of membranes used in the treatment of renal failure. 754 8

Two hundred and twenty-six patients were diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), according to the French-American-British (FAB) criteria, over a 13-year period, and studied retrospectively in a single institution in order to study indicators which were prognostically significant. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data indicated that the FAB classification, the Bournemouth, Dusseldorf, Goasguen, Sanz and FAB Scoring Systems were all good predictors of survival. We found advancing age, haemoglobin (Hb) < or = 9 g/dl, platelet count < or = 50 x 10(9)/l, increased peripheral total white cell count (WCC) and monocytosis, increased bone marrow blasts, dysgranulopoiesis, and bone marrow fibrosis were significant adverse prognostic variables. The commonest complication and cause of death was infection; however, infective episodes were not significantly associated with low neutrophil counts (either < or = 1.5 x 10(9)/l or < or = 0.8 x 10(9)/l) and there was also no significant association between neutropenia and survival. These findings indicate that neutrophil dysfunction plays an important role in the clinical progression of patients with MDS. The effect of new therapeutic modalities, such as the haemopoietic growth factors, on reducing infective episodes may be as significant as their effect on increasing neutrophil counts.
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PMID:The myelodysplastic syndromes: an analysis of prognostic factors in 226 cases from a single institution. 764

Studies of haematological parameters were performed on 366 (177 male and 189 female) normal Malawian neonates with mean +/- s.d. birthweight of 2.99 +/- 0.37 (range 2.1-4.0) kg using a Nova Cell Track, Model Nova CT11. Cord anaemia (Cord Hb < 13.5g dl-1) was detected in 100 (27.3%) of the neonates. It was also shown that although the male babies had a significantly higher erythrocyte protoporphyrin level (p < 0.001) than the females, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the red cell, white cell and platelet indices between the two sexes. When the haematological parameters of the 266 (72.7%) non-anaemic (Cord Hb > 13.5g dl-1) neonates were analysed, the mean +/- s.d. values which may serve as local reference standards were: Hb 16.0 +/- 1.7 (range 13.5-21.3) g dl-1, Hct 47.0 +/- 6.0 (range 36.5-67.5) percent, MCV 112.6 +/- 8.9 (range 72.2-131.0) fl, MCH 31.9 +/- 5.5 (range 24.4-48.5) pg, MCHC 33.5 +/- 2.8 (range 29.1-48.9) g dl-1 reticulocyte count 6.9 +/- 3.6 (range 1.2-25.0) percent, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 3.3 +/- 0.9 (range 1.9-7.7) mgs ZPP gm-1 Hb, platelet count 269.9 +/- 57.7 (range 134.0-454.0) x 10(9) l-1 and total leucocyte count 12.3 +/- 4.8 (range 5.5-35.3) x 10(9) l-1. Further analysis of the differential wbc count disclosed normal levels of eosinophils and neutrophils similar to those given in standard haematology textbooks for Caucasian neonates; thus strengthening the belief that eosinophilia and relative neutropenia previously reported in adult Africans is not of genetic origin, but rather an acquired phenomena.
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PMID:Some haematological parameters in Malawian neonates. 778 47


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