Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates proliferation of myeloid cells and may be a valuable adjunct in prevention and treatment of neutropenia-associated infections. Neutrophil (PMNL) phagocytic and microbicidal functions against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans blastoconidia were therefore evaluated. Bacterial phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were significantly enhanced by approximately 50%-70% after preincubation of normal PMNL with G-CSF in concentrations of 1000-4000 units/ml for 10 min at 37 degrees C. G-CSF in similar concentrations enhanced the defective bactericidal activity of PMNL from HIV-1-infected patients by approximately 70%-150% and reached the baseline control PMNL killing. However, G-CSF enhanced neither phagocytosis nor fungicidal activity of normal PMNL against C. albicans blastoconidia. These data demonstrate that G-CSF enhances the antibacterial but not the antifungal activities of human PMNL in vitro and also improves the defective PMNL bactericidal activity of HIV-1-infected patients.
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PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of normal and defective human neutrophils. 170 3

The effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on the myelosuppression, especially neutropenia, induced by cancer chemotherapy in patients with urogenital cancer were investigated in a randomized, controlled clinical study. In this study, rG-CSF was given subcutaneously at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg per day for 14 consecutive days. Changes in neutrophil counts were compared between the first (no rG-CSF) and second cycles (rG-CSF treatment period) of chemotherapy. rG-CSF administration was found to be effective in reducing the duration of neutropenia, in elevating the neutrophil nadir, and in reducing recovery time. Based on comparisons between the randomized rG-CSF treatment group (with rG-CSF) and the control group, treatment with rG-CSF resulted in the moderation or prevention of neutropenia and the acceleration of recovery. These results demonstrate that in chemotherapy of patients with urogenital cancer, in which neutropenia is a dose- or schedule-limiting factor, the concomitant use of rG-CSF may enable an increase in the dose (higher single dose or increased dose per unit of time) or shorten the chemotherapy period.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with urogenital cancer. 170 88

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a disorder of myelopoiesis characterized by severe neutropenia or absence of blood neutrophils secondary to a maturational arrest at the level of promyelocytes. We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SCN patients who demonstrated normalization of their blood neutrophil counts in a phase II clinical study with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). When stimulated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), PBMC of those SCN patients produced G-CSF activity, as judged by proliferation induction of the murine leukemia cell line, NFS-60. Western and Northern blot analysis showed G-CSF protein and G-CSF-mRNA indistinguishable in size from those of normal controls. We conclude that PBMC of the SCN patients tested are capable of synthesizing and secreting biologically active G-CSF in vitro.
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PMID:Blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe congenital neutropenia are capable of producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 170 35

The efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on neutropenia was evaluated in 14 patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). In all patients, including 11 neutropenic patients, 100 or 200 micrograms/m2 of rhG-CSF significantly increased the neutrophil counts. The response was greater in patients with higher neutrophil counts before the treatment, and was also dose-dependent. Although the effect seemed to be less potent, the agent also increased the neutrophil counts even when zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) and other myelosuppressive antiviral agents were administered simultaneously. These observations indicate that rhG-CSF may be beneficial in preventing and treating some secondary infections, and will make it easier to continue therapy with antiviral agents in patients with AIDS or ARC.
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PMID:Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in patients with AIDS. 170 65

The effect of co-administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), as an antineutropenia agent, on interferon therapy was examined in a mouse model, in anticipation of an enhancement of interferon efficacy, because neutrophils induced by G-CSF are thought to act as antitumor effectors. G-CSF was intraperitoneally co-administered with human interferon alpha A/D (IFN) on Day 6 to Day 10 after intradermal inoculation of Meth A fibrosarcoma. Although the co-administration of G-CSF could protect against neutropenia and leukopenia induced by IFN, it did not enhance the regression of tumor, and rather reduced the prolongation of survival time and the long-term survival incidence of IFN therapy. The subsequent in vitro study showed that the antiproliferative activity of peripheral blood leukocytes from Meth A-bearing mice given both IFN and G-CSF was much weaker than that of mice given IFN alone. Whether the observed nullifying effect of G-CSF on IFN therapy is also the case with tumors other than Meth A is open to further study.
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PMID:Effect of co-administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on interferon therapy. 170 57

A young woman with glycogen storage disease, type Ib, and chronic neutropenia had severe recurrent infections. In a life-threatening situation, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) resulted in the prompt correction of neutropenia. Subsequently, daily G-CSF therapy has allowed the maintenance of a normal neutrophil count and marked clinical improvement over a period of 18 months. The spectrum of neutropenic conditions which are responsive to G-CSF should include this inherited metabolic disorder.
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PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor corrects the neutropenia associated with glycogen storage disease type Ib. 170 46

Twenty-two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex and multilineage hematopoietic defects were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in a phase I/II trial. All patients were neutropenic and anemic after withdrawal of all bone marrow-suppressive drugs. Daily, G-CSF was subcutaneously self-administered until an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 6,000/microL was achieved and maintained for 2 weeks. Subcutaneous EPO was added to the regimen and the dose increased until an increase of 15 g/L of hemoglobin was observed. Groups of patients were administered increasing doses of zidovudine to determine their tolerance. G-CSF and EPO therapy was continued with dose modification to maintain an ANC greater than 1,500/microL and hemoglobin greater than 100 g/L. The dose of zidovudine was not altered. All 22 patients responded to G-CSF with a mean 10-fold increase in neutrophils occurring in less than 2 weeks. Significant increases in CD4 and CD8 cell number, lymphocyte proliferative response, and bone marrow cellularity were seen. EPO therapy increased hemoglobin in all 20 evaluable patients within 8 weeks. Sixteen patients received 1,000 mg and four patients received 1,500 mg of zidovudine per day. The reinstitution of zidovudine resulted in a decline in reticulocytes and hemoglobin and the reappearance of transfusion requirements in eight of the 20 patients, six of whom had the study medications stopped. No patient had the study medications stopped because of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Toxicities were mild and did not require dose modifications. Limiting dilution plasma and lymphocyte co-cultures for HIV as well as serum p24 antigen levels did not change significantly during G-CSF or combined G-CSF and EPO therapy. HIV p24 antigen decreased significantly with zidovudine therapy. Opportunistic infections occurred in 14 patients but were successfully treated with myelosuppressive antimicrobial agents, including ganciclovir, without the development of neutropenia. These results suggest that combined therapy with G-CSF and EPO may improve the neutropenia and anemia of AIDS. Combined therapy may allow the resumption of full-dose zidovudine in most patients intolerant of the hematologic effects of zidovudine without apparent alteration of HIV expression or the efficacy of zidovudine.
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PMID:Combined therapy with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin decreases hematologic toxicity from zidovudine. 170 68

The clinical effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, was studied in 27 patients with childhood neutropenias. The sample consisted of 8 patients with congenital neutropenia (Kostmann type), 9 with neutropenia with miscellaneous causes (5 chronic benign, 2 associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, 1 drug-induced, and 1 hypoplastic type), 3 with cyclic neutropenia, and 7 with severe aplastic anemia. The rG-CSF was given subcutaneously (or in a few cases intravenously) at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg/day for 7 days and 5 micrograms/kg/day for additional 7 to 28 days in cases with poor response. The rG-CSF was effective in 18 of 27 cases (67%). Patients with congenital neutropenia and aplastic anemia responded less frequently and poorly. The mean level of absolute neutrophil counts of 8 congenital neutropenia cases increased from 88/microliters to 2,718/microliters. That of 9 miscellaneous cases changed from 189/microliters to 7,224/microliters at a dose of 2 micrograms/kg/day. In 7 aplastic anemia cases pretreatment level of 220/microliters rose to 851/microliters, usually after increasing the dose up to 5 micrograms/kg/day. The rG-CSF was apparently effective in 3 cases of cyclic neutropenia. In any type of neutropenia, the effect was largely transient; after the discontinuation of rG-CSF, the absolute neutrophil counts tended to decrease to pretreatment levels within 1 to 2 weeks. The G-CSF was well tolerated, and only one case with mild lumbago and another with minimal elevation of transaminases were observed. We conclude that the rG-CSF can be effective for treating various types of childhood neutropenia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on childhood neutropenias]. 171 Feb 94

We administered recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at 5 micrograms/kg/day by intravenous drip infusion for 21 consecutive days in autologous bone marrow transplanted patients. The period of posttransplant neutropenia was markedly shortened by the rhG-CSF treatment; mean days required for neutrophil recovery (greater than 500/mm3) of 14.3 days in the rhG-CSF group (n = 21) versus 27.8 days in the historical control group (n = 11). More importantly, the numbers of febrile days between day 15 and day 28 were found to be fewer in the rG-CSF group than in control group. These effects were obtained without delay in the recovery of other blood cell series and without any side effect. We conclude that the posttransplant use of the rhG-CSF is beneficial for prevention and treatment of infectious complications after autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in autologous bone marrow transplantation]. 171 Feb 95

We administered recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) intravenously for 2 weeks to 2 elderly patients with severe neutropenia. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovered promptly after the initiation of rhG-CSF therapy and reached a peak (greater than 10 x 10(9)/l) on the 13th day. The ANC fell rapidly after rhG-CSF was discontinued, but it remained within the normal range after therapy. There were no side effects during the entire course of treatment. Therefore, rhG-CSF seems to be a most beneficial treatment in elderly patients with severe neutropenia.
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PMID:Treatment of idiopathic neutropenia in the elderly with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 171 Apr 9


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