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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fluctuations of the levels of serum cytokines in a patient with cyclic neutropenia were studied. The greatest fluctuation was found in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha level fluctuated inversely with fluctuation of G-CSF, and oscillation of interleukin (IL)-6 level preceded that in G-CSF level. It is likely that the variations of the levels of cytokines play a significant role in regulating hematopoiesis in cyclic neutropenia. Our results suggested that the stage of the granulocyte-committed stem cell is the major step of the defect, and the defect at the stage of the multipotent stem cell or bone marrow microenvironment was also suggested.
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PMID:Fluctuations in serum cytokine levels in the patient with cyclic neutropenia. 137 66

Myeloid engraftment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is influenced by a number of variables, including cytoreductive chemoradiotherapy, genetic disparity, number of reinfused committed myeloid progenitor cells, healthy microenvironment, and the presence of hematopoietic growth factors. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells and enhances myeloid engraftment after BMT. We investigated the temporal relationship between endogenous G-CSF production and myeloid engraftment in both children and adults after allogeneic (ALLO) and autologous (AUTO) BMT. Circulating endogenous G-CSF levels ranged between 0 and 2552 pg/mL. The correlation coefficient between circulating serum G-CSF levels and the peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was r = -.875 (P less than .001). The endogenous serum G-CSF level was highest during the first week after BMT, when the ANC was less than or equal to 200/microL (699 +/- 82.3 pg/mL) (P less than .001). Both children and adults demonstrated a similar inverse relationship between circulating G-CSF level and degree of neutropenia. One patient failed to engraft after AUTO BMT and also failed to generate any endogenous G-CSF production. Lastly, once the serum G-CSF level decreased to less than 200 pg/mL, a mean of 6.1 +/- 0.9 days elapsed before the ANC was greater than or equal to 500/microL for 2 consecutive days. This study demonstrates that endogenous G-CSF production is associated with myeloid engraftment in both children and adults after AUTO and ALLO BMT and that the rate of increase and decrease in endogenous G-CSF may be predictive of either failure to engraft or duration of neutropenia.
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PMID:Circulating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels after allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation: endogenous G-CSF production correlates with myeloid engraftment. 145 Apr 21

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for reducing the period of neutropenia after chemotherapy. In this study, we compared the timing for initiating G-CSF administration after chemotherapy with the duration of neutropenia and hematopoietic regeneration. Nonhuman primates treated with high-dose chemotherapy (mechloroethamine, 1.5 mg/kg, intravenously) and not administered G-CSF therapy experienced 8 days of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] less than 1,000/mm3) and had an ANC nadir of 124 +/- 64/mm3 at day 7. Monkeys receiving G-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/d, subcutaneously) began treatment on either days 1, 3, 5, or 7 after chemotherapy. Monkeys treated with G-CSF had an earlier ANC recovery and the number of days with an ANC less than 500/mm3 and ANC less than 1,000/mm3 was reduced by approximately 50% in all treatment strategies. All G-CSF-treated animals, irrespective of the time that G-CSF was initiated, reached an ANC of 10,000/mm3 on day 13 +/- 1 day after chemotherapy. These results demonstrated that the duration of G-CSF therapy was almost twice as long for monkeys treated on day 1 as it was for monkeys that received therapy beginning on day 7. A comparison of the results for all treated monkeys identified a distinct difference in the responses of monkeys treated on day 1 from that of animals treated with G-CSF at later times. G-CSF initiated 1 day after chemotherapy led to an earlier onset of neutropenia and a more rapid and augmented recovery of myeloid progenitor cells in the peripheral blood when compared with control and delayed therapy groups. This study demonstrates that neutropenia due to a single dose of mechloroethamine can be equally reduced with both early and delayed initiation of G-CSF. Further, initiating G-CSF therapy after 7 days required approximately 50% less days of therapy to reach an appropriate termination point. The applicability of these findings to other chemotherapy regimens and for repeated cycles is uncertain and needs to be further evaluated. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
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PMID:A comparison of therapeutic schedules for administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to nonhuman primates after high-dose chemotherapy. 137 69

Myelosuppression is a common sequelae of radiotherapy, occasionally delaying the completion of treatment. In this report, we describe successful reversal of radiation-induced neutropenia in a child receiving craniospinal irradiation by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We suggest that G-CSF be considered as supportive care in patients in whom neutropenia develops during radiotherapy.
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PMID:Reversal of radiation-induced neutropenia by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 137 49

The in-vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the number and function (phagocytosis and superoxide production) of peripheral neutrophils were studied in time sequence in cyclophosphamide (CPA) treated mice. The neutrophil function was evaluated by the phagocytosis of fluorescent particles, analyzing the number of fluorescence-positive cells and the fluorescence intensity of each neutrophil by flow cytometry and also by the superoxide production, measuring chemiluminescence of the leukocyte suspension by a photometer. In CPA-treated (100 mg/kg) mice, the neutrophil function including both the phagocytosis and the superoxide production declined significantly (p less than 0.01) as the peripheral neutrophil count (PNC) decreased, reached the nadir on the same day as PNC and returned to the normal level 8 days after first CPA treated day (day 0). When rhG-CSF (100 micrograms/kg) was administered subcutaneously daily for 5 consecutive days initiating at day 1, a decrease in PNC and a decline in the neutrophil function were prevented and a significant (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.01) increase of PNC was observed after day 4. In addition, the function of increased neutrophils was significantly (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.01) enhanced after day 4 and even at day 3, when an increase in PNC was not observed yet. The study shows that rhG-CSF appears to enhance neutrophil function by a direct effect on mature neutrophils, which have been impaired by CPA at the phase of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and subsequently have appeared in the peripheral blood and that rhG-CSF is effective on the impaired host defense mechanism in CPA-treated mice, improving not only drug-induced neutropenia but also the deteriorated function of neutrophils.
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PMID:[In-vivo enhancement of neutrophil function by administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in cyclophosphamide (CPA) treated mice]. 137 70

Filgrastim (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) recently became commercially available for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Studies have shown that filgrastim induces a dose-dependent granulocytosis in humans, thereby shortening the period of neutropenia in patients treated conventionally with submarrow ablative doses of chemotherapy, as well as with marrow ablative therapy given in the bone marrow transplant setting. By reducing the incidence and severity of infections and mucositis in patients treated with chemotherapy, it has a significant economic impact since it shortens the duration of antibiotic administration and hospitalization. Adverse reactions reported are limited to mild to moderate bone pain. Several other potential applications are being investigated for filgrastim, including treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital neutropenia.
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PMID:Topics in clinical pharmacology: filgrastim, a myeloid colony stimulating factor. 137 51

Levels of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with various leukocyte disorders were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some cases of acute myelogenous leukemia and aplastic anemia showed elevated serum levels of G-CSF and/or GM-CSF, whereas almost all of 23 healthy controls showed G-CSF and GM-CSF levels lower than 100 pg/ml. High levels of both types of CSF were noted in patients with granulocytosis due to infection. These levels became lower after resolution of the infection. Daily changes in serum CSF levels were also examined in a patient with autoimmune neutropenia, and it was found that the peripheral neutrophilic granulocyte count changed almost in parallel with the serum G-CSF level but not with GM-CSF, following the pattern with a delay of about 4-5 h, suggesting the possibility that G-CSF mainly regulates peripheral neutrophil circulation.
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PMID:Levels of human serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor under pathological conditions. 137 27

Neutropenia was seen in rats made septic by subcutaneous (sc) injection of Escherichia coli. The sepsis-induced increase in glucose uptake by tissues distant from the site of infection was not associated with increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Only the skin and muscle at the site of infection demonstrated an increase in both glucose uptake and MPO activity. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) attenuated the sepsis-induced decrease in circulating neutrophils. Both glucose uptake and MPO activity of skin and muscle adjacent to the infection site showed a smaller increase in G-CSF treated rats. In contrast, septic rats injected with G-CSF exhibited a greater number of leukocytes and a larger reduction in the number of bacteria in the sc lavage fluid. These results demonstrate that G-CSF is a potent immunomodulator that stimulates neutrophil function and also increases their recruitment to the site of infection, resulting in improved bacterial killing and host defense.
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PMID:Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on sepsis-induced changes in neutrophil accumulation and organ glucose uptake. 137 72

Clinical effects of KRN8601 (recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor:rhG-CSF) were studied in 26 patients with chronic neutropenia including 4 Kostmann's disease, 1 Shwachman's syndrome, 1 Lonsdale's syndrome, 1 glycogen storage disease Ib-associated, 6 chronic benign, 5 chronic hypoplastic, 2 cyclic, 4 autoimmune and 2 miscellaneous neutropenia. The patients were given rhG-CSF intravenously at doses of 20-540 micrograms/m2 or subcutaneously at doses 20-400 micrograms/m2, over the periods of 2-32 weeks. Increases in neutrophil counts occurred after rhG-CSF administration in 23 of the 26 patients. Patients with Kostmann's disease, Shwachman's syndrome and chronic hypoplastic neutropenia responded poorly compared to patients with other types of neutropenia. There were no serious side effects which caused interruption of the study. These results indicated a beneficial effect of KRN8601 in various types of chronic neutropenia.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of effects of KRN8601 (rhG-CSF) on neutropenia]. 137 11

Recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcG-CSF) was administered to clinically normal dogs, cyclic-hematopoietic dogs, and dogs undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation, to determine whether rcG-CSF could be used to stimulate WBC production and function in normal and neutropenic dogs. To the normal dogs, rcG-CSF was administered by SC injection at rates of 1 microgram/kg of body weight, q 12 h; 2 micrograms/kg, q 12 h; or 5 micrograms/kg, q 12 h. A significant dose-dependent increase in the WBC count resulted from the stimulation of bone marrow progenitor cells. The increased WBC count was characterized by mature neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase and phagocytic activity were normal in rcG-CSF-treated normal dogs, demonstrating the production of normal functional neutrophils in response to rcG-CSF treatment. Recombinant canine G-CSF prevented neutropenia and associated clinical signs but did not completely eliminate the cycling of neutrophils in cyclic-hematopoietic dogs when it was administered at rates of 1 microgram/kg, q 12 h, and 2.5 micrograms/kg, q 12 h. The time to bone marrow reconstitution was not decreased in dogs treated with rcG-CSF at a rate of 2.5 micrograms/kg, q 12 h, for 13 days following autologous bone marrow transplantation. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that treatment with rcG-CSF is an effective way to stimulate myelopoiesis in dogs, but that the dose of rcG-CSF required to stimulate WBC production will vary depending on the cause of neutropenia. Recombinant canine G-CSF should be useful in stimulating production and maintaining function of WBC for treatment of clinical diseases seen commonly in veterinary practice.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on white blood cell production in clinically normal and neutropenic dogs. 137 21


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