Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutrophil specific antigens (NA) are expressed exclusively on human neutrophils and were identified using alloantibodies. Neutrophil specific antigens are polymorphic, and several of them (NA1, NA2, NB1, NB2, NC1, ND1, NE1, and 9A), are thought to define genes at different loci. Feto-maternal incompatibility of NA has resulted in alloimmune neonatal neutropenia. Also, NA are the target antigens for autoantibody production in infants and young children with autoimmune neutropenia of infancy and chronic idiopathic neutropenia in adults. Autoimmune neutropenia can occur secondary to several other diseases, including AIDS. Numerous assays are useful in detecting granulocyte antibodies in patients with neutropenia. Among these assays, granulocyte agglutination (GA) and granulocyte immunofluorescence (GIF) are available in some clinical laboratories. Both IgG and IgM agglutinins are detected by GA: in addition, IgG, IgM, and IgA are detected by GIF. Immune neutropenia (IN) occurs in all age groups. Originally thought to be rare, IN is being increasingly recognized in recent years. Further investigations should lead to a greater understanding of the role of NA in immune neutropenias and to identify as yet unknown NA specificities. With the availability of reproducible and sensitive assays to detect granulocyte antibodies and the increasing knowledge and understanding of various disease aspects of IN, proper diagnosis and appropriate clinical management are being applied.
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PMID:Neutrophil antigens and antibodies in the diagnosis of immune neutropenias. 265 24

Three sera containing antibodies recognizing a previously undescribed antigen on granulocytes were found during testing of sera from multiparous donors. All of the antibody producers were in good health. None had a history of transfusion. Using the granulocyte agglutination assay the sera recognize a single antigen which is not associated with the neutrophil antigens NA1, NA2, NB1, NC1, ND1, NE1, 5a, 5b, 9a, nor common red blood cell or HLA antigens. The three sera did not react with autologous cells or with the cells of the other antibody producers. Granulocytes from one antibody producer did not absorb antibody activity from any of the three sera. The antigen was found in large quantities on granulocytes and monocytes, in smaller quantities on T lymphocytes, and not on B lymphocytes, red cells, and platelets. The sera reacted with 340 of 343 random donors (99.1%) and were negative with the same donor cells. Family studies showed autosomal dominant inheritance of the antigen. Five of 12 sibs in three families lacked this antigen (not statistically different from the expected ratio). The calculated gene frequency for the gene controlling the production of this antigen is 0.906. There appeared to be no association to the HLA, NA or Rh loci or to the X or Y chromosomes. None of the infants of these three women showed clinical signs of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.
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PMID:Three sera defining a new granulocyte-monocyte-T-lymphocyte antigen. 352 Oct 82

Fourteen infants with autoimmune neutropenia reported in the literature have been reviewed. Autoantibodies directed against their own neutrophils were demonstrated in the sera of these infants by agglutination, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence techniques. These antibodies were highly specific and were directed against antigens present on neutrophils. Among the currently known neutrophil antigens (NA1, NA2, NB1, NC1, NE1, ND1, 9A), antibodies reacting with either NA1 or NA2 have been identified frequently in the sera of infants with autoimmune neutropenia. Good correlation was demonstrated between the presence or absence of autoantibodies and the episodes of neutropenia in many cases. Antibodies from the patients also reacted with neutrophils from their parents and from normal unrelated volunteers when they shared the neutrophil-specific antigen against which the antibody was directed. Antibodies demonstrable by complement-dependent cytotoxicity appeared to detect different antigens which may also cause autoimmune neutropenia. Infants with this disorder were healthy at birth and for a few months afterwards, then became chronically ill with such symptoms as intermittent fever, diarrhea, and infections. Their hemoglobin levels, lymphocyte and platelet counts, and other immunological studies were normal except for severe to moderate neutropenia.
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PMID:Autoimmune neutropenia in early infancy: a review. 675 24