Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027947 (neutropenia)
 17,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During contact between blood and dialysis membrane after the first 20-30 minutes of haemodialysis there occur the complement activation, ++intra-dialysis thrombocytopenia and leucopenia, especially neutropenia following their degranulation, which results in liberation of a number of proteases and inflammatory reaction mediators and an increased production of active oxygen compounds and peroxide radicals. This is followed by the appearance of thrombocyte-leucocyte aggregates and a decrease of ++intra-dialysis lung diffusion capacity. The clinical consequences of the blood-dialysis membrane interaction exhibit an increased permeability of pulmonic capillaries, pulmonic hypertension and hypoxemia, which might bring about vasogenic respiratory distress syndrome. The remote consequence is dialytic amyloidosis that follows increased generation and accumulation of beta 2-microglobulin. All of the above disturbances occur with cuprophan membranes more significantly that with other dialysis membranes. The blood--dialysis membrane interaction also incorporates the anaphylactic reactions, in some cases occurring when the new dialyzers are used, due to hypersensitivity to ethylene oxide used in sterilisation and the changes due to tissular accumulation of plastieizers rinsed out of the biomaterials during haemodialysis.
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PMID:[Interaction between blood and dialysis membrane]. 182 94

This is the first report to evaluate the effects of combination chemotherapy on HIV-1 surrogate markers in an HIV-1-infected patient with an advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cisplatin combined with cyclophosphamide was well-tolerated, without significant changes in the HIV-1 p24 antigen, neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin, and CD4 values. The patient demonstrated a chemical and clinical response to therapy, without evidence of opportunistic infection or severe neutropenia. During the 6-month period of observation, treatment with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide did not significantly increase the risk of HIV-1 disease progression.
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PMID:Effect of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 surrogate markers in a patient with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. 770 91

In the present study, we analyzed the cell cycle distribution of bone marrow (BM) cells in 120 untreated multiple myeloma patients using a DNA/CD38 double-staining technique at flow cytometry in which plasma cells (PCs) can be clearly discriminated from residual BM cells based on their CD38 expression. This approach allows us to determine the proliferative activity of both PCs and residual normal BM cells. The percentage of S-phase cells in the myelomatous population was found to be significantly lower than that of the residual normal BM cells (P < .001). Regarding the proliferative activity of myelomatous cells, patients with a high number of S-phase PCs (> 3%) showed a significantly (P < .05) increased incidence of anemia and hypercalcemia; higher values of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), urea, and creatinine; and higher numbers of peripheral blood natural killer cells, as well as a poor prognosis as assessed both by response duration and overall survival. With respect to the residual BM normal fraction, a low proliferative activity was significantly (P < .05) associated with the presence of anemia and neutropenia together with increased numbers of BM PCs, a higher incidence of Bence Jones myelomas, and DNA diploidy. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of S-phase PCs was the most important independent prognostic factor, allowing us to discriminate two subgroups of patients with different prognoses, even within the same clinical stage. Moreover, the S-phase PCs, together with beta 2M, age, and performance status, represent the best combination of disease characteristics for stratifying patients according to prognosis and allow the establishment of a simple and powerful staging system for multiple myeloma patients. In addition, this classification can be used for planning treatment in patients who are candidates for transplantation.
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PMID:A new staging system for multiple myeloma based on the number of S-phase plasma cells. 781 98

One hundred and thirty-five patients with advanced and refractory myeloma received one of three high-dose therapy regimens: melphalan at doses of 90 to 100 mg/m2 (MEL 100; 47 patients) without autotransplant; total body irradiation (TBI; 850 cGy) with either melphalan 140 mg/m2 or thiotepa 750 mg/m2 and autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) (< or = 30% plasma cells; 21 patients); melphalan 200 mg/m2 (MEL 200) supported by both peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and ABMT plus GM-CSF intended as a double-transplant program (67 patients; 42 have completed and 3 are still awaiting a second autotransplant; 5 additional patients received an allograft for their second transplant). Mortality within 2 months of therapy was 20% to 25% with MEL 100 and TBI regimens, but less than 1% with MEL 200, mainly because severe neutropenia (< 500/microL) was shortened to less than 1 week due to infusion of PBSC and use of growth factor therapy. Low beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels < or = 2.5 mg/L and MEL 200 therapy were identified as the two most important independent favorable variables associated with prolonged event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). On the basis of these two parameters, three risk groups were defined: 29 good-risk patients with low beta 2M receiving MEL 200 had the best outcome, with median durations of EFS of 37 months and projected OS of > or = 43 months; 54 intermediate-risk patients displaying one of the two favorable parameters had EFS and OS durations of 16 and 36 months, respectively; and 52 poor-risk patients with high beta 2M not receiving MEL 200 had a dismal prognosis, with EFS of 3 months and OS of 5 months (all P < .0001). Further analysis that excluded treatment as a variable identified high beta 2M and resistant relapse as the two major adverse prognostic factors, one of which was present in 80% of the 135 patients. Among these 108 high-risk patients, prognosis was improved markedly with MEL 200 because of both better supportive care (PBSC and hematopoietic growth factors) and more intensive therapy using the double-transplant approach. This study supports the concept that safer and potentially more-effective therapies can be developed in the setting of advanced and resistant disease.
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PMID:High-dose therapy for refractory multiple myeloma: improved prognosis with better supportive care and double transplants. 791 45

Solute transport and alterations in complement and clotting induced by a new high-flux cellulose acetate membrane (CA-HF800-E, Diaphan) were compared with those for cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polysulphone in a cross-over clinical study. The membranes are similar in their small-molecule removal. Serum beta 2-microglobulin decreased with all membranes but the decrease was independent of membrane type. Associated with beta 2-microglobulin removal was a protein loss which averaged 2636 mg for Diaphan, 4937 mg for CTA, and 2500 mg for polysulphone. Albumin presence in the dialysate was less than the limit of detection (5 mg/l) but for each of the membranes, occasional readings above the limit of detection were noted. C3a generation for Diaphan is comparable with that for CTA and polysulphone, but differed for C5a and neutropenia. A highly significant correlation of the area under the concentration time curve of the two complement components was noted for the cellulose based membranes (r = 0.875, P = 0.0002 for Diaphan, r = 0.823, P = 0.006 for CTA) this relationship was less marked for polysulphone (r = 0.396, P = 0.29). Induction of clotting characterized by the thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex were similar for the three membranes, as were changes in platelet counts. Our findings indicate that while it is possible to modify cellulose to produce a membrane whose solute transport and biocompatibility is similar to synthetic membranes such as polysulphone, the structural modifications induce considerable differences in the amount of protein lost.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of high-flux cellulose acetate and synthetic membranes. 817 78

Thirty-five patients (eight de novo, 27 relapsed disease) with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse small lymphocytic, follicular small cleaved cell, follicular mixed cell, and lymphoplasmacytoid) were treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CdA) at a daily dose of 0.14 mg/kg for 5d (2 h infusion) for an average of three cycles. Minor treatment delays, generally due to haematological toxicities, occurred in nine of 105 cycles. Major toxicities were lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Opportunistic infections occurred in seven patients. Overall response rate was 69% (five complete, 19 partial) reaching 88% for de novo patients (two complete, five partial). Elevated beta 2-microglobulin level was negatively predictive of response (P = 0.0014). Eight of 24 responders relapsed, with a median follow-up of 13 months. 2CdA administered as an intermittent infusion shows considerable single-agent activity in low-grade lymphomas achieving high response rates of prolonged duration. Consideration of schedules where 2CdA is alternatively administered with combination chemotherapy appears warranted.
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PMID:High response rates with short infusional 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in de novo and relapsed low-grade lymphoma. Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma Study Group. 885 46